Table 2. Univariate analysis of potential determinants of newly diagnosed chronic hepatitis B infection among migrants who accepted hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIVa screening during compulsory tuberculosis entry screening at public health services, the Netherlands, 2013–2015 (n = 456).
| Newly diagnosed chronic HBV infection | Univariate analyses | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 3/210 | 1.43 | 1 | Ref | 0.433 |
| Female | 6/246 | 2.44 | 1.72 | 0.43–6.98 | |
| Age | |||||
| 18–26 years | 2/125 | 1.60 | 1 | Ref | 0.165 |
| 27–32 years | 6/175 | 3.43 | 2.18 | 0.43–11.00 | |
| > 32 years | 1/156 | 0.64 | 0.40 | 0.04–4.43 | |
| Reason for migration | |||||
| Work or study | 2/242 | 0.83 | 1 | Ref | 0.019 |
| Other (e.g. family reunification) | 7/161 | 4.35 | 5.45 | 1.12–26.60 | |
| Missing | 0/53 | 0.00 | b | b | |
| Intended length of stay in the Netherlandsc | |||||
| < 1 year | 0/19 | 0.00 | 1 | Ref | 0.399 |
| 1–2 years | 2/28 | 7.14 | 3.68 | 0.17–81.03 | |
| > 2 years | 3/114 | 2.63 | 1.22 | 0.06–24.64 | |
| Missing | 4/40 | 10.00 | b | b | |
| Region of origin (categorised according to WHO regions) | |||||
| South-East Asia | 3/154 | 1.95 | 1 | Ref | 0.976 |
| Europe (southern/eastern) | 3/95 | 3.16 | 1.64 | 0.36–7.37 | |
| Western Pacific | 2/84 | 2.38 | 1.31 | 0.25–6.80 | |
| Africa | 1/60 | 1.67 | 1.09 | 0.16–7.56 | |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 0/39 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.28–10.83 | |
| Americas (Latin America/ Caribbean) | 0/23 | 0.00 | 0.92 | 0.05–18.40 | |
| Missing | 0/1 | 0.00 | b | b | |
| Estimated HBV prevalence (HBsAg-positive) in the country of origind | |||||
| < 2% | 3/204 | 1.47 | 1 | Ref | 0.664 |
| ≥ 2% | 5/249 | 2.01 | 1.37 | 0.32–5.82 | |
| Missing | 1/3 | 33.33 | b | b | |
| Location of screening | |||||
| Gelderland | 9/201 | 4.48 | 1 | Ref | 0.026 |
| Amsterdam | 0/255 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00-0.69 | |
CI: confidence interval; HBV: hepatitis B virus; Ref: reference value, OR: odds ratio; WHO: World Health Organization.
a HIV screening was included only in Amsterdam.
b Missing categories were excluded from the analysis.
c Measured only among participants from Gelderland.
d Participants were grouped and categorised according to the estimated HBV prevalence reported by Schweitzer [21].
This table excludes migrants who accepted screening but in whom blood drawing failed (n = 2), participants in which HBsAg was not determined (n = 2), and the previously diagnosed HBV-infected participant (n = 1).