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. 2018 Mar 20;16:11. doi: 10.1186/s12964-018-0220-7

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The Canonical activation of Shh pathway in vertebrates. The activation occurs by ligand-dependent interaction when Shh binds to Ptch at the cell membrane. In response to this binding, Ptch no longer inhibits Smo, which accumulates at the PC and initiates the downstream signaling pathway cascade. So, Smo regulates the Gli processing and activation at the PC. When Gli is activated, it translocates to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. (Diagram by Carballo, VC). (Adapted from Robbins et al., 2012) [54]