Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, genetic and biomarker data of the MCI subgroups based on core CSF biomarkers
| Low-AD likelihood | High-AD likelihood | IAP | SNAP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 59 (29.9%) | 62 (31.5%) | 21 (10.6%) | 55 (27.9%) |
| Gender (M/F) | 17/42 | 26/36 | 8/13 | 17/38 |
| Age (years) | 62.7 ± 9.9 | 69.6 ± 7.7** | 66.3 ± 9.7 | 69.4 ± 8.9** |
| Age onset (years) | 59.0 ± 10.3 | 66.4 ± 7.8** | 63.1 ± 8.1 | 67.4 ± 8.1** |
| Education (years) | 6.5 ± 3.9 | 6.1 ± 4.1 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 5.8 ± 4.1 |
| MMSE | 27.6 ± 2.6 | 24.3 ± 4.2*** | 25.1 ± 6.0 | 26.3 ± 3.2 |
| MoCA | 20.5 ± 5.0 | 16.4 ± 5.5** | 16.3 ± 6.9 | 17.3 ± 4.9 |
| ADAS-Cog | 8.5 ± 4.6 | 12.7 ± 4.3** | 13.3 ± 7.5 | 13.5 ± 7.5* |
| APOE-ε4 (%) | 26% | 64%*** | 24%γγγ | 39%γγ |
| Aβ42 (pg/ml) | 918 ± 243 | 405 ± 109*** | 403 ± 123***,§§§ | 867 ± 282γγγ |
| Aβ40 (pg/ml) | 9608 ± 3219 | 10,945 ± 4191 | 8006 ± 3082γ,§§§ | 14,247 ± 5219***,γγγ |
| Aβ42/40 ratio | 0.105 ± 0.040 | 0.040 ± 0.017*** | 0.066 ± 0.024*** | 0.061 ± 0.037***,γγγ |
| t-Tau (pg/ml) | 169 ± 42 | 545 ± 274*** | 159 ± 67γγγ,§§§ | 488 ± 250*** |
| p-Tau (pg/ml) | 30 ± 9 | 68 ± 28*** | 28 ± 7γγγ,§§§ | 61 ± 27*** |
| Follow-up time (years) | 4.0 ± 3.3 | 4.0 ± 2.5 | 4.2 ± 4.1 | 3.6 ± 2.7 |
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, except for APOE expressed as percentage of ε4 carriers
MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, IAP isolated amyloid pathology, SNAP suspected non-Alzheimer pathology, M male, F female, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, ADAS-Cog Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive, APOE Apolipoprotein E, Aβ42 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid beta, Aβ40 40-aminoacid isoform of amyloid beta, t-Tau total Tau protein, p-Tau hyperphosphorylated Tau protein
MMSE and MoCA, higher scores correspond to better performance; ADAS-Cog, lower scores correspond to better performance
*p < 0.05 vs low-AD likelihood
**p < 0.005 vs low-AD likelihood
***p < 0.001 vs low-AD likelihood
γp < 0.05 vs high-AD likelihood
γγp < 0.01 vs high-AD likelihood
γγγp < 0.001 vs high-AD likelihood
§§§p < 0.001 vs SNAP