. 2017 Dec 19;14(3):744–749. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1405200

Table 1.

Meta-analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness against pneumonia- or influenza-related hospitalization in the elderly.

Author	Published year	Setting	Study design (No. of studies)	Subject age (years)	Pooled vaccine effectiveness, percent (95% CI)
Domnich et al.¹⁶	2017	Community and nursing home	Case-control (4)	≥ 65	49 (39 to 61)^*
Darvishian et at²¹	2014	Community	Cohort (8)	≥ 60	33 (23 to 43)^†
Darvishian et at²¹	2014	Community	Cohort (8)	≥ 60	25 (6 to 40)^‡
Chan et al.¹⁷	2014	Nursing home	Cohort (3)	≥ 60	37 (18 to 53)
Chan et al.¹⁷	2014	Nursing home	Case-control (4)	≥ 60	37 (18 to 53)
Jefferson et al.¹⁸	2010	Nursing home	Cohort (17)	≥ 65	46 (33 to 56)
Jefferson et al.¹⁸	2010	Community	Cohort (8)	≥ 65	27 (21 to 33)
Vu et al.¹⁹	2002	Community	Cohort (2)	≥ 65	33 (27 to 38)
Vu et al.¹⁹	2002	Community	Case-control (7)	≥ 65	33 (27 to 38)
Gross et al.²⁰	1995	Community and nursing home^§	Cohort (9)	≥ 65	53 (35 to 66)

Vaccine effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

^†

Vaccine effectiveness from conventional meta-analyses.

^‡

Vaccine effectiveness from meta-analyses adjusted for internal and external bias.

^§

Most studies consisted of institutionalized elderly except for one study.