Effect of GshA and/or GshB overexpression on OA production. The ΔyggS and ΔyggS Δggt strains harboring empty vector pCA24N (none), pCA24N-gshA (gshA), pCA24N-gshB (gshB), pGshAB (gshAB), or pGshA*B (gshA*B) were grown to the stationary phase by cultivation method A for 88 h with 1 mM each Glu, 2-AB, and Gly or without amino acids. The total amount of OA in the cultivation system was analyzed by amino acid analysis as described in Materials and Methods. All data are expressed as means ± standard deviations of the data obtained after at least 3 repetitions of each assay.