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. 2016 Oct 27;72(9):1163–1170. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw216

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 3. — Increased baseline GrB (bGrB) levels in CMV+ older adults are associated with lower levels of induced GrB (iGrB) in response to influenza challenge. (A) Levels of bGrB activity in unstimulated PBMC lysates among the four groups including diabetic CMV− (n = 14), diabetic CMV+ (n = 16), normal CMV− (n = 12), and 28 normal CMV+ (n = 28) are shown. *p ≤ .05, ANOVA between groups comparison. (B) Induced GrB (iGrB) activity in response to live influenza (A/H3N2) challenge pre-vaccination and at 4, 10, and 20 weeks postvaccination is lower among CMV+ (n = 44) compared to CMV− (n = 26) older adults. Error bars represent standard error of mean. *p ≤ .05, ANOVA comparing the CMV+ and CMV− subsets across the four time points.