Table 1.
Physical and Electrical Characteristics of Study Participants
| Men | Women | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (y) | 48.8 (12.4) | 52.0 (14.8) | .482 |
| Height (cm) | 178.3 (6.5) | 164.5 (7.4) | <.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 98.4 (31.9) | 88.3 (29.5) | .289 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 30.6 (8.4) | 32.6 (11.1) | .559 |
| P max (kW) | 3.42 (0.94) | 2.03 (0.64) | <.001 |
| DXA measurements | |||
| Percent body fat (%) | 29.2 (10.2) | 40.4 (9.3) | <.001 |
| FFM (kg) | 68.8 (13.3) | 49.1 (8.8) | <.001 |
| ALST (kg) | 30.6 (6.5) | 21.3 (4.9) | <.001 |
| Leg lean mass (kg) | 21.9 (4.5) | 16.2 (3.7) | <.001 |
| S-BIS measurements in the leg | |||
| Intracellular resistance index (cm2 Ω−1) | 11.5 (3.5) | 7.9 (2.5) | <.001 |
| Extracellular resistance index (cm2 Ω−1) | 28.6 (6.5) | 22.9 (7.1) | .011 |
| Resistance ratio | 0.40 (0.08) | 0.35 (0.08) | .069 |
| Cm (nF) | 6.0 (2.4) | 4.6 (1.7) | .067 |
| fc (kHz) | 32.6 (8.6) | 35.0 (6.0) | .258 |
| Phase angle (deg) | 4.2 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) | .052 |
Note: Cohort N = 57; men n = 13, women n = 44.
ALST = appendicular lean soft tissue; BMI = body mass index; Cm = membrane capacitance; DXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; Extracellular resistance index was calculated as L2/R0; fc = characteristic frequency; FFM = fat-free mass; Intracellular resistance index was calculated as L2/RI; Pmax = maximum leg muscle power; Resistance ratio was calculated as (R0/RI); S-BIS = segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Bold values are statistically different between men and women (p < .05).