Table 3.
Physical and Cognitive Performance Outcomes by Multimorbidity-Weighted Index Quartiles in the Health and Retirement Study, 2010
| Outcome, Number of Participants | Q2 (0.3–3.9) | Q3 (4.0–7.8) | Q4 (7.9–37.0) | p-trend** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β coefficient (95% CI) | p value | β coefficient (95% CI) | p value | β coefficient (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Physical functioning, N = 20,006 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −11.57 (−12.77, −10.37) | .001 | −25.61 (−26.73, −24.49) | <.001 | −44.37 (−45.86, −42.88) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adjusted* | −8.36 (−9.47, −7.24) | <.001 | −18.03 (−19.13, −16.94) | <.001 | −32.86 (−34.42, −31.29) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Grip strength, kg, N = 6,460 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −3.63 (−4.57, −2.69) | <.001 | −6.12 (−6.98, −5.25) | <.001 | −8.17 (−9.08, −7.26) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adjusted* | −0.95 (−1.54, −0.36) | .002 | −1.80 (−2.31, −1.28) | <.001 | −2.91 (−3.51, −2.30) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Gait speed, m/s, N = 3,386 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0.10 (−1.11, 0.92) | .852 | −0.36 (−1.17, 0.46) | .383 | −0.53 (−1.32, 0.25) | .176 | .075 |
| Adjusted* | −0.10 (−1.09, 0.89) | .837 | −0.34 (−1.14, 0.45) | .390 | −0.51 (−1.29, 0.27) | .195 | .108 |
| TICS-modified score (0–27), N = 18,775 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0.56 (−0.80, −0.33) | <.001 | −1.46 (−1.66, −1.26) | <.001 | −2.36 (−2.59, −2.15) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adjusted* | −0.07 (−0.28, 0.13) | .497 | −0.21 (−0.41, −0.01) | .038 | −0.59 (−0.77, −0.41) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Number of ADL limitations (0–6), N = 20,002 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.15 (0.12, 0.19) | <.001 | 0.43 (0.38, 0.47) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adjusted* | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | <.001 | 0.24 (0.19, 0.29) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Number of IADL limitations (0–5), N = 20,002 | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) | <.001 | 0.24 (0.21, 0.26) | <.001 | 0.70 (0.65, 0.74) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adjusted* | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | .502 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.14) | <.001 | 0.49 (0.44, 0.55) | <.001 | <.001 |
Note: MWI Quartile 1 (range 0–0.29) serves as Reference. ADL = Activities of daily living; CI = Confidence interval; IADL = Instrumental activity of daily living; MWI = Multimorbidity-weighted index; N = Number; Q = Quartile; TICS = Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.
*Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, education, household net worth, and the Health and Retirement Study complex study design. **P-trend for increasing MWI quartiles, from Q1 (reference) to Q4