Table 3.

Effect of D_M and Its Interaction With Sex on Mortality and Frailty Criteria Number (men compared to women)

Mortality	D M		Sex		D M × sex
	HRa	p	HR	p	HR	p
Global	1.13	.0006	1.75	<.0001	0.95	.46
Oxygen transport	1.15	.0009	1.77	<.0001	1.07	.44
Electrolytes	0.99	.75	1.81	<.0001	1.08	.44
Hematopoiesis	0.99	.81	1.81	<.0001	0.90	.32
Lipids	1.12	.01	1.79	<.0001	0.94	.44
Liver/kidney	1.15	.0003	1.77	<.0001	0.83	.04
Frailty	βb	p	β	p	β	p
Global	0.155	<.0001	−0.187	.01	0.010	.85
Oxygen transport	0.124	.0001	−0.183	.01	0.092	.15
Electrolytes	0.082	.02	−0.155	.03	0.032	.65
Hematopoiesis	0.047	.24	−0.144	.04	0.083	.30
Lipids	0.087	.005	−0.153	.03	0.009	.89
Liver/kidney	0.170	<.0001	−0.165	.02	−0.041	.47

Note: ^aThe table shows proportional hazard ratios (HR) of D_M, sex (being male compared to female), and the interaction term between D_M and sex (D_M × sex) obtained from a counting process Cox regression model, with their respective p value (n ranging from 1,841 to 1,872 depending on physiological system analyzed). For ease of interpretation, we present HR associated with D_M obtained from a model excluding the interaction term, but results were similar in the model including it. ^bThe table shows regression coefficient estimates (β) of D_M, sex (being male compared to female), and of an interaction term between D_M and sex (D_M × sex), and their respective p value, obtained through Poisson regression models predicting the number of frailty criteria, controlling for age. Regressions were performed using the InCHIANTI data set, for which frailty criteria number was only available at baseline (n ranging from 976 to 984 depending on physiological systems analyzed). For ease of interpretation, we present β associated with D_M and sex alone obtained from a model excluding the interaction term. Values with p < .05 are shown in bold.