Table 2.
Change in Overall Cognition: Within and Between Group Comparison Among Baseline/Follow-Up Afternoon Napping Groups
| Estimates | Overall cognition | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Within group estimates | Meana | 95% CI | p † |
| Intermediate/Intermediate | 0.51 | 0.33, 0.69 | <.001 |
| Non/Non | 0.18 | −0.01, 0.37 | .066 |
| Non/Intermediate | 0.28 | 0.00, 0.57 | .051 |
| Non/Extended | −0.02 | −0.54, 0.50 | .940 |
| Intermediate/Non | 0.21 | −0.12, 0.53 | .211 |
| Intermediate/Extended | 0.16 | −0.19, 0.52 | .364 |
| Extended/Non | −0.98 | −1.75, -0.21 | .012 |
| Extended/Intermediate | 0.10 | −0.31, 0.51 | .622 |
| Extended/Extended | −0.33 | −0.75, 0.10 | .133 |
| Between group estimates | βb | 95% CI | p ¶ |
| Overall associations** | <.001 | ||
| Intermediate/Intermediate: Reference group | |||
| Non/Non | −0.33 | −0.60, −0.07 | .014 |
| Non/Intermediate | −0.23 | −0.57, 0.11 | .192 |
| Non/Extended | −0.53 | −1.08, 0.02 | .061 |
| Intermediate/Non | −0.30 | −0.68, 0.07 | .113 |
| Intermediate/Extended | −0.35 | −0.74, 0.05 | .088 |
| Extended/Non | −1.49 | −2.28, −0.70 | <.001 |
| Extended/Intermediate | −0.41 | −0.85, 0.04 | .075 |
| Extended/Extended | −0.84 | −1.30, −0.37 | <.001 |
Notes: Estimates are from the final parsimonious model adjusting for significant predictors (age, gender, education, BMI, depression, IADL, morbidity, and baseline cognition). Bold values represent p < .05.
aModel estimated within group mean change.
bEstimate of difference in change scores between indicated groups and the intermediate/intermediate group.
† p-value testing whether group specific mean change is different from 0 or odds ratio is different from 1; ¶p-value testing whether there is a significant difference in changes between groups; **p-values for overall associations represent the probability of any significant differences in changes among the nine temporal napping groups.