Table 2.
Risk Ratios for Falls in Relation to Back Pain Among Older Men: Base Model (confounding adjusted) Estimates
| Recurrent (≥2) Falls | Any Fall | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back Pain Characteristic | n | % With ≥2 Falls | Age-Adjusted RR | Multivariable RR (95% CI)a | % With any Fall | Age-Adjusted RR | Multivariable RR (95% CI)b |
| No back pain | 1,861 | 8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 19 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Any back pain | 3,707 | 13 | 1.69 | 1.36 (1.14, 1.63) | 28 | 1.30 | 1.26 (1.13, 1.40) |
| Number of back pain sites | |||||||
| No back pain | 1,861 | 8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 19 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) |
| 1 | 2,563 | 11 | 1.44 | 1.26 (1.04, 1.52) | 26 | 1.37 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) |
| 2 | 785 | 16 | 1.99 | 1.50 (1.20, 1.89) | 30 | 1.56 | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53) |
| 3–5 | 359 | 22 | 2.78 | 1.85 (1.42, 2.42) | 34 | 1.78 | 1.40 (1.18, 1.67) |
| Severity | |||||||
| No back pain | 1,861 | 8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 19 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Mild | 1,591 | 10 | 1.26 | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 25 | 1.32 | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) |
| Moderate | 1,778 | 15 | 1.93 | 1.50 (1.24, 1.83) | 28 | 1.47 | 1.28 (1.13, 1.44) |
| Severe | 338 | 20 | 2.45 | 1.64 (1.25, 2.15) | 38 | 1.92 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) |
| Frequency | |||||||
| No back pain | 1,861 | 8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 19 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Rarely/Some of time | 2,969 | 12 | 1.50 | 1.30 (1.08, 1.56) | 26 | 1.38 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) |
| Most of time/All the time | 738 | 19 | 2.43 | 1.62 (1.29, 2.04) | 34 | 1.73 | 1.41 (1.22, 1.62) |
| Limited by back pain | |||||||
| No back pain | 1,861 | 8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 19 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Noc | 2,591 | 11 | 1.37 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 25 | 1.30 | 1.20 (1.07, 1.34) |
| Yes | 1,116 | 19 | 2.46 | 1.79 (1.45, 2.20) | 34 | 1.81 | 1.54 (1.36, 1.74) |
Note: CI = confidence interval; LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms; ref = referent level; RR = risk ratio.
aAdjusted for age, dizziness, history of arthritis, knee pain, LUTS, and self-rated health. bAdjusted for age, dizziness, history of arthritis, knee pain, LUTS, and BMI category. cBack pain that did not limit usual activities.