TABLE 2.
Associations between total physical activity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among 150 391 hypertensive participants
| Level of total physical activitya | |||||
| Causes of death | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trendb |
| No. of person years | 260 522 | 267 156 | 270 931 | 271 255 | |
| All causes | |||||
| No. of deaths | 3993 | 2369 | 1913 | 1431 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | 0.70 (0.66–0.75) | 0.72 (0.67–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) | 0.67 (0.63–0.72) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||||
| No. of deaths | 694 | 369 | 222 | 149 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | 0.68 (0.58–0.81) | 0.70 (0.57–0.86) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.70 (0.57–0.86) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.69 (0.57–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.68–0.88) | 0.68 (0.57–0.80) | 0.67 (0.55–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||||
| No. of deaths | 1152 | 656 | 545 | 405 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) | 0.66 (0.59–0.73) | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.64 (0.58–0.72) | 0.65 (0.57–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.64 (0.58–0.72) | 0.65 (0.57–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.64 (0.58–0.72) | 0.65 (0.57–0.74) | <0.001 |
Multivariate models were adjusted for: model 1: age (years); model 2: additionally included sex; level of education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher); marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married); alcohol consumption (nondrinker, occasional drinker, former drinker, or regular drinker); smoking status (never smoker, occasional smoker, former smoker, or regular smoker); intake frequencies of red meat, fruits, and vegetables (daily, 4–6, 1–3 days/week, monthly, or rarely or never); BMI; prevalent diabetes at baseline (presence or absence); family history of heart attack or stroke (presence or absence, only adjusted for in corresponding analysis of cause specific mortality); and menopausal status for women only; model 3: additionally included SBP (mmHg); model 4: additionally included leisure sedentary time (h/day).
aLevel of total physical activity was divided into four groups by quartiles, with Q1 as the lowest quartile group.
bTests for linear trend across physical activity categories were performed by using the continuous physical activity variable in a separate regression model.