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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2014 Jul 11;277:250–266. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.006

Fig. 5. Synaptic inhibition of type I DCN cells by electrical and optical stimulation.

Fig. 5

A. Typical IPSP evoked by focal electrical stimulation in a large DCN cell pharmacologically isolated by bath application of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and AP5. B. A 50 ms laser pulse evokes similar inhibitory responses in another DCN cell, without any receptor blockers. The response is eliminated when the GABAa receptor blocker bicuculline is bath applied. C. A 1 ms laser pulse reliably evokes DCN cell inhibition similar to that seen in response to the 50 ms stimulation in the presence of CNQX and AP5 (A, right panel and B). D. The photostimulation-evoked IPSP is insensitive to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and AP5, but disappears in the presence of bicuculline. E. A 50 ms laser pulse at threshold level evokes unitary inward current events similar to spontaneous IPSCs (arrows). Note that the IPSCs are inverted due to a high Cl- concentration in the internal solution.