Table 1.

Putative available therapeutic treatments and molecular targets that might affect the pathophysiology of CAVD. In brackets, species where the drug effect has been reported.

Putative Therapeutic treatments	Molecular Targets	Biological process
IONIS-APO(a)RxIONIS-APO(a)-LRx	Apo(a)	Lp(a) level lowering (human)
AlirocumabEvolocumabInclisiran	PCSK9	Lipid lowering (human)
Statins	HMG-CoA reductase	Lipid lowering (human)Promotes NO release/inhibition of calcification (rabbit)
Ki16425	LPAR1	Inhibition of calcification (mouse)
Sitagliptin	DPP4	Inhibition of calcification (mouse)
LDN-193189	BMPR1A	Inhibition of calcification (mouse)
Celecoxib	COX2	Inhibition of calcification (mouse)