Table 2.

Participant characteristics (N=115)

Characteristics	Children and adolescents (n=81)	Adults (n=34)
Gender (of patients)
Male	57 (70)	20 (59)
Female	24 (30)	14 (41)
Treatment
Received treatment*	44 (54)	15 (44)
No treatment	37 (46)	19 (56)
Social gender role change†
Yes	7 (9)	15 (44)
No	74 (91)	19 (56)
Visibility of DSD‡
Visible	12 (15)	17 (50)
Partly hidden	57 (70)	17 (50)
Hidden	12 (15)
Region
Central Java	70 (86)	29 (85)
Other provinces in Java	8 (10)	2 (6)
Outside Java island	3 (4)	3 (9)
Ethnic
Javanese	76 (94)	31 (91)
Non-Javanese	5 (6)	3 (9)
Religion
Islam	77 (95)	33 (97)
Non-Islam	4 (5)	1 (3)
Residential setting
Rural	45 (56)	15 (44)
Suburban	24 (30)	11 (32)
Urban	12 (15)	8 (24)
Highest education attained	(Fathers§ / mothers§)	(Adults)
No formal education	9 (11) / 10 (13)	4 (12)
Elementary school	27 (34) / 28 (35)	3 (9)
High school	36 (45) / 36 (45)	23 (68)
University	8 (10) / 6 (8)	4 (12)
Parents’ occupation	(Fathers / mothers§)	(Adults)
Unemployed	0 / 44 (55)	13 (38)
Labour	47 (59) / 22 (28)	9 (27)
Self-employed	16 (20) / 6 (8)	4 (12)
Staff	17 (21) /8 (10)	8 (24)

Data are presented in n (%).

*Treatment in most patients had been minimal, for instance, patients had taken glucocorticoid therapy for only a limited period or had undergone one surgical procedure for hypospadias correction when two or more procedures were recommended.^{14 25–27}

†Social gender role change could be physician imposed, parent imposed or patient initiated.²⁵

‡Visibility of DSD refer to all those aspects of physical and behavioural atypicality that cannot be hidden during social interaction. Concealable refers to physical atypicality that can be covered by clothes (partly hidden) and non-ambiguous phenotype (hidden).

§One father / mother missing for being deceased.

DSD, disorder of sex development.