Table 4.

Median domain and overall sum scores of the SSS-DSD:

(A) Parent report across sex of rearing, treatment status, gender change history and visibility of DSD
SSS-DSD Parent report	Sex of rearing			Treatment status			Gender change history			Visibility of DSD
	Boys*	Girls	p†	Treated	Untreated	p	Yes‡	No	p	Visible	Concealable§	p
	(n=57)	(n=24)		(n=54)	(n=27)		(n=6)	(n=75)		(n=12)	(n=69)
	median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)
Atypical genitalia	12¶ (10-50)	10 (10–27)	0.48	11 (10–50)	15 (10–37)	0.20	16 (10–23)	12 (10–50)	0.26	18 (10–32)	11 (10–50)	0.006
Score range: 10–50
Atypical appearance/behaviour	10 (10–14)	10 (10–30)	<0.001	10 (10–23)	10 (10–30)	0.42	11 (10–30)	10 (10–23)	0.01	14 (10–30)	10 (10–21)	<0.001
Score range: 7–35
Social exclusion	10 (10–37)	10 (10–23)	0.26	10 (10–37)	10 (10)	0.14	10 (10)	10 (10–37)	0.99	10 (10–37)	10 (10–22)	0.01
Score range: 6–30
Emotional problems	10 (10–28)	10 (10–32)	0.002	10 (10–32)	10 (10–22)	0.44	14 (10–22)	10 (10–32)	0.02	10 (10–32)	10 (10–32)	0.11
Score range 10–50
Total score**	43 (40–103)	49 (40–98)	0.23	43 (40–103)	45 (40–74)	0.47	54 (45–74)	42 (40–103)	0.02	61 (40–98)	42 (40–103)	0.002
Score range 33–165

(B) Adult report across sex of rearing, treatment status, gender change history and visibility of DSD
SSS-DSD Adult report	Sex of rearing			Treatment status			Gender change history			Visibility of DSD
	Men*	Women	p†	Treated	Untreated	p	Yes‡	No	p	Visible	Concealable §	p
	(n=20)	(n=14)		(n=15)	(n=19)		(n=15)	(n=19)		(n=17)	(n=17)
	median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)		median (range)	median (range)
Verbal stigmatisation	12 ¶ (10–47)	10 (10–28)	0.78	10 (10–36)	14 (10–47)	0.14	14 (10–47)	10 (10–28)	0.11	15 (10–47)	10 (10–21)	0.015
Score range 10–50
Behavioural stigmatisation	10 (10–26)	11 (10–37)	0.30	10 (10–23)	10 (10–37)	0.25	11 (10–31)	10 (10–37)	0.03	13 (10–37)	10 (10–11)	0.001
Score: range 8–40
Emotional problems	14 (10–40)	29 (10–47)	0.009	12 (10–40)	21 (10–47)	0.07	16 (10–47)	10 (10–44)	0.52	16 (10–47)	16 (10–40)	0.60
Score range: 9–45
Total score**	37 (30–91)	50 (31–100)	0.042	36 (30–83)	48 (31–100)	0.046	41 (31–100)	38 (30–97)	0.80	46 (31–100)	38 (30–63)	0.19
Score range 17–135

*The terms men and women are used according to the gender the patient presented himself or herself socially and to us when he or she participated in the study.

†Mann-Whitney U test was applied.

‡Ediati et al.²⁴

§Visible refers to all those aspects of physical and behavioural atypicality that cannot be hidden in social interaction. Concealable refers to physical atypicality that can be covered by clothes (partly hidden) and typical phenotype (hidden).

¶For all sum scores, a higher score indicates a relatively higher level of stigma, atypicality, social exclusion or emotional problems.

**Unweighted sum score.

SSS-DSD, Social Stigmatization Scale–disorder of sex development.