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. 2017 Sep 23;38(11):1136–1146. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgx082

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Figure 5. — Herbacetin is a preventive and therapeutic agent against skin cancer in vivo. The effect of herbacetin on the (A) number and (B) volume of TPA-induced skin tumors was assessed weekly over 20 weeks. Data are shown as means ± SE of values (n > 10) and the asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) between herbacetin-treated groups compared to the TPA only-treated group. No tumors were observed in the vehicle-treated or the herbacetin only- (i.e. no TPA) treated groups. (C) Effect of herbacetin on AKT, ODC and ERKs signaling. (D) Measurement of ODC activity. Skin tissue tumors induced by TPA were isolated from vehicle- and herbacetin-treated groups of mice for immunoblot analysis of AKT and ERKs signaling. (E) The therapeutic effect of herbacetin (100 or 500 nmol) on solar UV-induced-mouse skin tumor volume was assessed weekly for 7 weeks (weeks 32–39). (F) Skin tissue tumors induced by solar–UV were isolated from vehicle- or herbacetin-treated groups of mice for measuring ODC activity. Data are shown as mean values ± SE and the asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) between herbacetin-treated groups compared to the vehicle-treated group.