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. 2016 Jun 2;66(8):632–645. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biw064

Table 1b.

The bird (53) species with protected status found in the canal zone (ERM 2015, volume 12).

Scientific Name Common Name Level of Protection
Dendrocynga autumnalis Black-bellied whistling duck National
Cairina moschata Muscovy duck National
Ortalis vetula Plain chachalaca National
Crypturellus soui Little tinamou National
Tinamus major Great tinamou National
Pteroglossur torquatus Collared aracari International
Ramphastos sulfuratus Keel-billed toucan International
Ara ambiguus Great green macaw International
Ara macao Scarlet macaw International
Amazona albifrons White-fronted amazon International
Amazona auropalliata Yellow-naped amazon International
Amazona autumnalis Red-lored amazon International
Pionus senilis White-crowned parrot International
Amazona farinosa Mearly amazon International
Aratinga finschi Finsch's parakeet International
Aratinga nana Olive-throated parakeet International
Aratinga canicularis Orange-fronted parakeet International
Brotogeris jugularis Orange-chinned parakeet International
Laterallus albigularis White-throated crake National
Aramides cajanea Gray-necked wood rail National
Platalea ajaja Roseate spoonbill International
Burhinus bistriatus Double-striped thick-knee International
Thalasseus elegans Elegant tern International
Ardea alba Great egret International
Ardea herodias Great blue heron International
Mesembrinbis cayennensis Green ibis International
Sarcoramphus papa King vulture International
Pandion haliaetus Osprey International
Accipiter superciliosus Tiny hawk International
Leptodon cayanensis Gray-headed kite International
Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed kite International
Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous kite International
Geranospiza caerulescens Crane hawk International
Buteo magnirostris Roadside hawk International
Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk International
Buteo nitidus Gray-lined hawk International
Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk International
Buteo albicaudatus White-tailed hawk International
Parabuteo unicinctus Harris hawk International
Busarellus nigricolis Black-collared hawk International
Elanus leucurus White-tailed hawk International
Chondrohierax uncinatus Hook-billed kite International
Caracara cheriway Crested caracara International
Herpetotheres cachinnas Laughing falcon International
Falco rufigularis Bat falcon International
Falco sparverrius American kestrel International
Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon International
Porphyrio martinicus Purple gallinule International
Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen International
Aphanotriccus capitalis Tawny-chested flycatcher International
Turdus grayi Clay-colored thrush National
Quiscalus nicaraguensis Nicaraguan grackle International
Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole National