Table 3. Results for routinely collected risk factors for combined CV events.
| Variable | Units (continuous)/ Comparator (categorical) | Number of Studies | Pooled HR | 95% Confidence Interval | p-value for HR | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | female | 9 | 1.451 | 1.220–1.726 | <0.001 | 0.0 |
| Age | per year | 12 | 1.031 | 1.025–1.038 | <0.001 | 58.6 |
| Smoker | non-smoker | 5 | 1.433 | 1.149–1.787 | 0.001 | 3.3 |
| Body mass index | per kg/m2 | 3 | 0.994 | 0.964–1.025 | 0.7 | 23.0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | no previous cardiovascular disease event | 11 | 2.391 | 2.061–2.773 | <0.001 | 68.1 |
| Ischemic heart disease | no previous ischemic heart disease event | 5 | 2.406 | 1.870–3.096 | <0.001 | 43.2 |
| Congestive heart failure | no diagnosis of congestive heart failure | 3 | 1.325 | 0.989–1.774 | 0.06 | 0.0- |
| Peripheral vascular disease | no diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease | 1 | 2.49 | 1.10–5.63 | 0.03 | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | no diabetes mellitus | 14 | 1.454 | 1.338–1.579 | <0.001 | 73.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure | per mmHg | 8 | 1.002 | 0.999–1.004 | 0.17 | 77.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | per mmHg | 3 | 0.999 | 0.993–1.005 | 0.67 | 0.0 |
| Mean arterial pressure | per 10 mmHg | 1 | 1.14 | 1.03–1.27 | 0.01 | - |
| Pulse pressure | per mmHg | 3 | 1.002 | 0.998–1.005 | 0.38 | 58.7 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | no left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram | 2 | 1.78 | 1.354–2.351 | <0.001 | 72.1- |
| Pulmonary hypertension | no pulmonary hypertension on echocardiogram | 1 | 1.23 | 1.00–1.52 | 0.04 | - |
| Albumin | per g/dL | 7 | 0.624 | 0.519–0.749 | <0.001 | 66.4 |
| Bicarbonate | per mEq/L | 1 | 0.99 | 0.95–1.03 | 0.6 | - |
| Cholesterol to HDL ratio | ratio | 1 | 1.03 | 0.998–1.065 | 0.07 | - |
| Calcium | per mg/dL | 1 | 0.846 | 0.503–1.422 | 0.5 | - |
| Hemoglobin | per g/dL | 8 | 0.901 | 0.856–0.948 | <0.001 | 0.0 |
| HDL Cholesterol | per mg/dL | 1 | 0.998 | 0.992–1.003 | 0.5 | - |
| LDL Cholesterol | per mg/dL | 2 | 1.001 | 0.999–1.003 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol | per mg/dL | 2 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.003 | 0.04 | 70.4 |
| Parathyroid hormone | per pg/mL | 1 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Phosphate | per mg/dL | 7 | 1.198 | 1.084–1.325 | <0.001 | 0.0 |
| Sodium | per mmol/L | 1 | 0.954 | 0.919–0.990 | 0.01 | - |
| Total cholesterol | per mg/dL | 3 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.002 | 0.01 | 65.8 |
| Urate | per mg/dL | 2 | 1.068 | 1.021–1.117 | 0.004 | 78.3 |
| Urea nitrogen | per 5mg/dL | 1 | 1.14 | 1.02–1.29 | 0.03 | - |
Abbreviations: HDL—high density lipoprotein, HR—hazard ratio, LDL—low density lipoprotein.
Results are given to 3 decimal places, unless data were only available from a single study that published results to 2 decimal places.