Table 1. All cause fatality stratified by musculoskeletal injury (MSI) or non-musculoskeletal injury (non-MSI) and racecourse surface.

Cause of fatality	All-weather surface fatalities Number (%)	Turf surface fatalities Number (%)
MSI (total)	207 (88.8)	327 (86.7)
Fracture	176 (75.5)	280 (74.3)
Dislocation (fetlock)	6 (2.6)	7 (1.9)
Tendon or ligament injury	19 (8.2)	33 (8.8)
Multiple MSI	6 (2.6)	6 (1.6)
MSI other	0 (0)	1 (0.3)
MSI + non-MSI (total)	2 (0.9)	1 (0.3)
Non-MSI (total)	24 (10.3)	49 (13.0)
Vascular catastrophe	20 (8.6)	39 (10.3)
Epistaxis	2 (0.9)	3 (0.8)
Laceration	1 (0.4)	2 (0.5)
Multiple non-MSI	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Non-MSI other	0 (0)	5 (1.3)