Table 1.
Participant characteristics by residential movement status in the past year
| Suburban n = 60 (37.0%) | Crossover n = 44 (27.0%) | Urban N = 59 (36.0%) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 18–24 | 25 (41.7) | 16 (36.4) | 12 (20.3) | 0.037 |
| 25–30 | 35 (58.3) | 28 (63.6) | 47 (79.7) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 37 (61.7) | 28 (63.6) | 40 (69.0) | 0.494 |
| Female | 23 (38.3) | 15 (34.1) | 18 (31.0) | |
| Transgender | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| NH White | 45 (75.0) | 33 (75.0) | 39 (66.1) | 0.587 |
| Hispanic | 9 (15.0) | 7 (15.9) | 9 (15.3) | |
| NH Black/other | 6 (10.0) | 4 (9.1) | 11 (18.6) | |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Less than high school | 20 (33.3) | 9 (20.5) | 15 (25.4) | 0.278 |
| High school diploma | 20 (33.3) | 20 (45.5) | 30 (50.9) | |
| Any college | 20 (33.3) | 15 (34.1) | 14 (23.7) | |
| Place of birthc | ||||
| Urban Chicago | 4 (9.8) | 5 (19.2) | 22 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| Suburban Chicago | 31 (75.6) | 19 (73.1) | 10 (27.0) | |
| Out of state | 6 (14.6) | 2 (7.7) | 5 (13.5) | |
| Regular job | 29 (48.3) | 21 (47.7) | 22 (37.3) | 0.411 |
| Homeless in past 6 months | 19 (32.2) | 35 (81.4) | 30 (50.9) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported HCV positive | 5 (8.3) | 7 (15.9) | 3 (5.1) | 0.164 |
| Years injecting, median (IQR) | 5.5 (3–8) | 5.5 (3–8.5) | 6 (3–9) | 0.423 |
| Drug and sexual risk behaviors, past 6 months | ||||
| Smoked crack | 21 (35.0) | 31 (70.5) | 26 (44.1) | 0.001 |
| Poly-injection drug use | 18 (30.0) | 19 (44.2) | 17 (29.3) | 0.224 |
| Backloading | 13 (21.7) | 18 (42.9) | 11 (19.0) | 0.016 |
| Receptive syringe sharing | 18 (30.0) | 19 (45.2) | 11 (19.0) | 0.018 |
| Injected daily | 46 (76.7) | 33 (75.0) | 51 (86.4) | 0.272 |
| Injections per day | ||||
| 1 | 3 (5.0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (3.4) | 0.443 |
| 2–4 | 45 (75.0) | 27 (61.4) | 41 (69.5) | |
| ≥5 | 12 (20.0) | 16 (36.4) | 16 (27.1) | |
| Frequency of injection with others | ||||
| Never | 6 (10.0) | 5 (11.4) | 10 (17.0) | 0.047 |
| Sometimes | 26 (43.3) | 30 (68.2) | 31 (52.5) | |
| Often | 28 (46.7) | 9 (20.5) | 18 (30.5) | |
| Exchanged sex for drugs or money | 10 (16.7) | 11 (25.0) | 9 (15.3) | 0.410 |
| Total sex partners | ||||
| 0 | 8 (13.3) | 5 (11.4) | 10 (17.0) | 0.033 |
| 1 | 27 (45.0) | 15 (34.1) | 35 (59.3) | |
| ≥2 | 25 (41.7) | 24 (54.6) | 14 (23.7) | |
| Geographic variables | ||||
| Total residences in the past year, median (IQR) | 1 (1.0–2.0) | 3 (2.5–4.5) | 1 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 |
| Purchased drugs ≥1 on West Side | 54 (94.7) | 39 (95.1) | 49 (87.5) | 0.899 |
| Purchased drugs in multiple drug market areas | 14 (24.6) | 10 (24.4) | 13 (23.2) | 0.984 |
| Inject in multiple locations | 19 (33.3) | 15 (35.7) | 11 (20.0) | 0.167 |
| Inject drugs ≥1 in West Side drug market area | 32 (56.1) | 37 (88.1) | 36 (65.5) | 0.003 |
| Proportion of total injection episodes in West Side drug market area | 39.0% | 62.8% | 50.9% | <0.01 |
| Average stay in daysc, Median (IQR); n | 310.3 (184–776.5); 25 | 160.3 (100.2–301.5); 39 | 232.2 (153.4–341.5); 28 | 0.004 |
| Average movement distance in milesb, median (IQR); n | 11.1 (3.1–46.8); 25 | 24.2 (13.1–64.3); 38 | 5.4 (2.7–568.0); 28 | 0.079 |
| Change in distance from drug marketb, median (IQR) | 0 (−3.5, +2.5) | 0.24 (−3.1, +5.7) | −0.12 (−2.2, +0.32) | 0.718 |
| Injection network variables | ||||
| Core injection network size, median (IQR) (n) | 3 (2–5) [56] | 3.5 (1–7.5) [40] | 3 (2–5) [51] | 0.599 |
| Mean age of network members, median (IQR) (n) | 27.3 (25.1–30.1) [56] | 29.4 (24.3–33.0) [40] | 30.7 (27–35.8) [51] | 0.003 |
| Proportion of network members homeless, median (IQR) (n) | 0 (0–0) [56] | 0 (0–13%) [40] | 0 (0–33%) [51] | 0.079 |
| Proportion of network members NH white race, median (IQR) (n) | 100% (69–100%) [56] | 68% (45–100%) [40] | 80% (50–100%) [51] | 0.105 |
| Any network member is crossover | 11 (19.6) | 15 (37.5) | 19 (37.3) | 0.077 |
| Any network member is suburban | 50 (89.3) | 19 (47.5) | 13 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| Any network member is homeless | 7 (12.5) | 14 (35.0) | 17 (33.3) | 0.015 |
| Any member is HCV positive | 12 (21.4) | 7 (17.5) | 10 (19.6) | 0.892 |
| Shared syringes with an injection network member | 18 (32.1) | 21 (52.5) | 11 (21.6) | 0.008 |
One individual was missing residence data; analysis based on n = 163
aPearson chi-square or Wilcoxon rank-sum test
bPlace of birth was only available for representative sample (n = 104; 63%)
cAmong those with multiple residences