Table 3. Multivariable-Adjusted Pooled Associations of Individual Biomarkers With HF Subtypes.
| Biomarker | Overall HF | HFpEF | HFrEF | P Value for Equalitya | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sHR (95% CI)b | P Value | sHR (95% CI)b | P Value | sHR (95% CI)b | P Value | HFpEF vs HFrEF | |
| UACR | 1.26 (1.18-1.35) | <.001 | 1.33 (1.20-1.48) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.11-1.32) | <.001 | .16 |
| Natriuretic peptidesc | 1.50 (1.41-1.59) | <.001 | 1.27 (1.16-1.40) | <.001 | 1.54 (1.41-1.68) | <.001 | .005 |
| PAI-1 | 1.10 (0.99-1.23) | .07 | 1.22 (1.03-1.45) | .02 | 1.06 (0.92-1.22) | .42 | .23 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.11 (1.06-1.16) | <.001 | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) | .01 | 1.10 (1.01-1.18) | .02 | .73 |
| IL-6 | 1.10 (1.03-1.16) | .001 | 1.10 (0.99-1.22) | .09 | 1.11 (1.01-1.21) | .03 | .92 |
| hs-Tnc | 1.31 (1.26-1.38) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.03-1.19) | .008 | 1.37 (1.29-1.46) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Cystatin C | 1.16 (1.10-1.21) | <.001 | 1.07 (0.98-1.16) | .11 | 1.19 (1.11-1.27) | <.001 | .08 |
| D-dimer | 1.16 (1.09-1.24) | <.001 | 1.06 (0.94-1.19) | .35 | 1.22 (1.11-1.35) | <.001 | .08 |
| sST2 | 1.10 (1.03-1.17) | .004 | 1.05 (0.95-1.16) | .37 | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | .98 | .53 |
| CRP | 1.15 (1.09-1.20) | <.001 | 1.04 (0.95-1.14) | .77 | 1.19 (1.11-1.28) | <.001 | .02 |
| Aldosterone to renin ratio | 1.04 (0.97-1.12) | .29 | 1.03 (0.92-1.16) | .60 | 1.05 (0.95-1.17) | .33 | .90 |
| Galectin-3 | 1.07 (1.02-1.12) | .01 | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) | .13 | 1.05 (0.97-1.13) | .28 | .65 |
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; hs-Tn, high-sensitivity troponin; IL-6, interleukin 6; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio; sST2, soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio.
Comparing sHR for individual biomarker association with HFpEF vs HFrEF (Lunn McNeil test).
Subdistribution hazard ratio (Fine-Gray model) per 1-SD increase in natural log-transformed biomarker. Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy or left bundle branch block, and previous myocardial infarction. Strata statement included.
Brain natriuretic peptide assay performed in the Framingham Heart Study. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide performed in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; hs-TnI performed in the Framingham Heart Study, hs-TnT performed in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease.