Table IV.
List of 10 most frequently produced nouns and verbs and their frequency difference for children with TD and children with PLI in English and Spanish.
| English | Spanish | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| KG | First grade | KG | First grade | ||
| Nouns | |||||
| frog | 132 | 87 | rana (frog) | 18 | 49 |
| boy | 68 | 13 | niño (boy) | 79 | 83 |
| dog | 35 | 24 | perro (dog) | 27 | 24 |
| turtle | 22 | 6 | tortuga (turtle) | 33 | 70 |
| mom | 11 | −3 | mamá (mom) | 2 | −15 |
| baby | 14 | 13 | sapo (toad) | 18 | 10 |
| kid | 22 | 4 | señor (man) | 22 | 34 |
| cat | −1 | 17 | gato (cat) | 14 | −5 |
| bee | 3 | 11 | lengua (tongue) | 1 | 8 |
| boat | 19 | 8 | agua (water) | 8 | 7 |
| Verbs | |||||
| be | 253 | 129 | estar (be) | 42 | 25 |
| go | 6 | −17 | ir (go) | 53 | −34 |
| get | 17 | 33 | decir (say) | 12 | 14 |
| jump | 27 | 13 | ver (see) | 49 | 17 |
| say | 10 | 31 | ser (be) | 22 | −1 |
| look | 31 | 40 | querer (want) | −8 | −6 |
| see | 23 | 35 | caer (fall) | −9 | 1 |
| eat | −12 | 5 | buscar (search) | 2 | 19 |
| fall | −3 | 28 | agarrar (grab) | 10 | −1 |
| cry | 11 | 14 | mirar (look) | 3 | 24 |
Note: ser is a copula and estar is a copula or auxiliary; negative sign indicates children with PLI produced the words more frequently than children with TD.