Table 2.
Viruses reported to infect chickpea.
| Family | Virus | Type of transmission | Countries | Genetic resistance | Some References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bromoviridae | Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, genus Alfamovirus) | Aphids (non-pers.), seeds, sap* | Iran | – | Kaiser and Danesh, 1971; Makkouk et al., 2003 |
| Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, genus Cucumovirus) | Aphids (non-pers.), seeds, sap* | Iran, Morocco | – | Kaiser and Danesh, 1971; Ouizbouben and Fortass, 1997; Makkouk et al., 2003 | |
| Luteoviridae | Bean leafroll virus (BLRV, genus Luteovirus) | Aphid (pers.) | Azerbaijan, Iran, India, Turkey | – | Kaiser and Danesh, 1971 |
| Beet western yellows virus (BWYV, genus Polerovirus) | Aphids (pers.) | Azerbaijan, Iran | – | Makkouk et al., 2003; Mustafayev et al., 2011 | |
| Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV, genus Lutetovirus) | Aphids | Iran, Syria | – | Makkouk et al., 2003; Kumari and Makkouk, 2007 | |
| Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV, genus Polerovirus) | Aphids (pers.) | Ethiopia, Syria, Egypt, Eritrea, Iran, Morocco, Sudan | – | Abraham et al., 2006, 2009; Asaad et al., 2009; Banane et al., 2010 | |
| Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (PEMV-1, genus Enamovirus) | Aphids (pers.), seeds, sap* | Canada, USA, Iran, Syria | yes | Makkouk et al., 2003 | |
| Potyviridae | Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, genus Potyvirus) | Aphids (non-pers.), seeds, sap* | Iran, Algeria, Morocco | – | Makkouk et al., 2003 |
| Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, genus Potyvirus) | Aphids (non-pers.), seeds, sap* | Australia | – | Schwinghamer et al., 2007 | |
| Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV, genus Potyvirus) | Aphid, seeds, sap* | Iran, Australia, Morocco, Algeria | yes | Ouizbouben and Fortass, 1997 | |
| Nanoviridae | Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus) | Aphids (pers.) | Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, Egypt, Algeria | – | Yahia et al., 1997 |
| Geminiviridae | Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus) | Leafhoppers | India, Iran, Syria, Turkey | – | Horn et al., 1993; Makkouk et al., 2003 |
| Tobacco yellow dwarf virus (TYDV, genus Geminiviridae) | Leafhoppers | Australia | – | Thomas et al., 2010 | |
| Virgaviridae | Tomato mottle mosaic Virus (ToMMV, genus Tobamovirus) | Seeds, sap* | Italy | – | Pirovano et al., 2014 |
| Tombusviridae | Turnip crinkle virus (TCV, genus Carmovirus) | Coleoptera, sap* | Italy | – | Ghasemzadeh et al., 2018 |
| Pospiviroidae | Hop stunt viroid (HSVd, genus Hostuviroid) | Sap | Italy | – | Pirovano et al., 2014 |
pers., persistent;
*
Mechanical infection by wounding using infectious sap as inoculum.