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. 2018 Mar 21;8:4930. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23193-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Single frames from Supplementary Movie S2 (left) and Supplementary Movie S3 (right), showing tracer paths in mechanical ventilation during inspiration (left) and cardiogenic flows (right). Red paths indicate flow travelling in the direction of ascending generations (ie from trachea to the periphery) and blue indicates flow travelling through descending generations. The ventilation flows demonstrate a single serial path of tracers from the trachea to the periphery. In contrast, the cardiogenic flows show pendelluft and redistribution of flows between lung regions, with both blue and red tracer paths apparent at this time-point.