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. 2018 Mar 21;8:4989. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22740-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Toxicity of Cyt1Aa or hybrid-Cyt1Aa variants to Manduca sexta or Plutella xylostella larvae. M. sexta neonate or P. xylostella third instar larvae were treated with 2 μg of Cyt1Aa or hybrid-Cyt1Aa per cm² artificial diet. The mortality was monitored after 15 days. Twenty-four larvae were used per toxin concentration in triplicate. Letters above the bars indicate significant differences with the Cyt1Aa toxin by ANOVA with significant differences P < 0.01.