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. 2018 Mar 21;8:4929. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23406-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Abundances of Bacillus (a) and Pseudomonas (b) spp. communities in cucumber rhizosphere soils as determined by quantitative PCR. W represents cucumber rhizosphere soils treated with water. 0.02, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 represent cucumber rhizosphere soils treated with vanillic acid at 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 μmol g⁻¹ soil concentrations, respectively. Data are represented as the means of three independent replicates with standard error bars. Different letters indicate significant difference based on Tukey’s HSD test test (P < 0.05).