Table 1.
Services from five urban forest types advance UN Sustainable Development Goals with varying significance
| Urban forest service | SDGsa | Significance of contribution by urban forest type (5 = very high, 1 = very low) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peri-urban forest and woodlands | City parks and urban forests > 0.5 ha | Pocket parks and gardens with trees | Trees on streets or in public squares | Other green spaces with trees | ||
| Human health and well-being | 3, 11 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Climate change mitigation | 11, 13 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Climate change adaptation | 11, 13 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Biodiversity and landscapes | 11, 15 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Economic benefits and green economy | 1, 2, 7, 8, 11 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Land and soil degradation | 11, 13, 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Watershed protection | 2, 6 | 5 | 2 | n.a. | 1 | 4 |
| Resilience to flooding events | 2, 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Food and nutrition security | 2, 11 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Wood security | 2, 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Recreation | 11 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Education | 11 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Social cohesion | 11 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Social security and equity | 11 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
a#1 = no poverty, #2 = zero hunger, #3 = good health and well-being, #6 = clean water and sanitation, #7 = affordable and clean energy, #8 = descent work and economic growth, #11 = sustainable cities and communities, #13 = climate action, #15 = life on land