Table 2.
Characteristic, n = 205a | OR (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|
Sociodemographic factors | ||
Maternal age (years) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.70 |
Low socioeconomic status | 1.25 (0.44–3.50) | 0.67 |
Married | 3.66 (1.08–12.39) | 0.04* |
Race/ethnicity (white is reference) | 0.01* | |
Hispanic | 1.70 (0.51–5.64) | 0.38 |
Black | 7.70 (2.05–28.97) | <0.01* |
Highest education (<high school is reference) | 0.10 | |
High school | 3.33 (0.49–22.60) | 0.22 |
Trade or <BA/BS | 1.10 (0.15–8.23) | 0.92 |
BA/BS or higher | 0.89 (0.11–7.24) | 0.91 |
Previous breastfeeding experience (yes is reference) | 0.11 | |
No (primiparous) | 1.02 (0.36–2.92) | 0.97 |
No (multiparous) | 0.24 (0.05–1.11) | 0.07 |
Prepregnancy health factors | ||
Prepregnancy overweight/obese (BMI ≥25) | 0.44 (0.18–1.11) | 0.08 |
Hypertension | 0.56 (0.10–3.05) | 0.51 |
Pregnancy complications | ||
Multiple gestation | 1.31 (0.35–4.93) | 0.69 |
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | 0.70 (0.17–2.86) | 0.62 |
Premature rupture of membranes | 1.90 (0.44–8.18) | 0.39 |
Placental abruption | 4.17 (0.87–20.05) | 0.07 |
Fetal heart rate abnormalities or poor biophysical profile | 1.59 (0.42–5.95) | 0.49 |
Intrauterine growth restriction | 0.47 (0.06–3.54) | 0.46 |
Uterine abnormalities/cerclage | 1.93 (0.56–6.63) | 0.30 |
Chorioamnionitis | 0.14 (0.02–0.82) | 0.03* |
Preterm labor | 0.41 (0.08–2.03) | 0.28 |
Labor and delivery factors | ||
Induction of labor | 1.26 (0.26–6.03) | 0.77 |
Cesarean delivery | 0.22 (0.08–0.63) | 0.01* |
Gestational age (weeks) | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) | <0.01* |
Results weighted to reflect entire cohort of 402 mothers.
p < 0.05.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.