Bray–Curtis dissimilarity displayed by principal coordinate analysis shows anal and rectal mucosal swabs clustering independently, and ANOSIM results confirm statistical significance (A). Model-based mean relative abundances of the top 10 genera generated with generalized linear models in rectal mucosal and anal swabs are listed in order of prevalence (B). Statistical comparisons between MSM and controls were calculated with the Wald test. Heat maps of Spearman rank correlation coefficients among men who never engaged in anal intercourse (C) and among MSM engaging in CRAI of top 10 OTUs (D). Red panels report a significant positive correlation and blue panels report a significant negative correlation (adjusted p < .05). Panels in white are nonsignificant (adjusted p > .05). ANOSIM, analysis of similarities; CRAI, condomless receptive anal intercourse; MSM, men who have sex with men; OTU, operational taxonomic unit.