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The pathophysiological cascade leading to symptoms in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this syndrome the clinical picture is justified by a combination of cardiorespiratory, autonomic nervous system and muscular abnormalities consequent to the initial increase of PVRs. ↑, increased; ↓, decreased. RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; paO2, O2 arterial pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
