Table 1. Baseline characteristics of studies exploring the effects of exercise training on patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
| Author | Year | Trained patients #, [F] | Control patients, [F] | PH classes | ET protocol | Duration and follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized control trial | ||||||
| Ehlken et al. | 2016 | 46 [26] | 41 [21] | 87 CTEPH | Bicycle, walking, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Ley et al. | 2013 | 10 [8] | 10 [6] | 16 PAH, 4 CTEPH | Bicycle, walking, dumbbell, RT | 3 weeks/in-hospital |
| Mereles et al. | 2006 | 15 [10] | 15 [10] | 24 PAH, 6 CTEPH | Bicycle, walking, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Observational control studies | ||||||
| Chan et al. | 2013 | 10 [10] | 13 [13] | PAH | Treadmill walking | 10 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| Fox et al. | 2011 | 11 [5] | 11 [10] | 20 PAH, 2 CTEPH | Bicycle, treadmill walking, step climbing, resistance, HT | 12 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| Martinez-Quintana et al. | 2010 | 4 [2] | 4 [1] | CHD-PAH | Bicycle, resistance, educational lesson, HT | 12 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| Weinstein et al. | 2013 | 11 [11] | 13 [13] | PAH | Treadmill walking | 10 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| Becker-Grunig et al. | 2013 | 20 [16] | – | – | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Bussotti et al. | 2016 | 15 [14] | – | PAH-CHD | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 4 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| De Man et al. | 2009 | 19 [15] | – | IPAH | Bicycle, quadriceps strength, endurance | 12 weeks/outpatient rehabilitation clinic |
| Grunig et al. | 2012 | 21 [20] | – | – | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Grunig et al. | 2012 | 183 [126] | – | 133 PAH, 31 CTEPH, 19 others | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Grunig et al. | 2011 | 58 [42] | – | 47 PAH, 6 CTEPH, 1 COPD-PH, 2 ILD-PAH | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Inagaki et al. | 2014 | 8 [8] | – | 8 CTEPH | Walking exercise, lower and upper-limb strength training, respiratory exercises | 12 weeks/at home |
| Mainguy et al. | 2010 | 5 [4] | – | IPAH | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
| Nagel et al. | 2012 | 35 [16] | – | CTEPH | Bicycle, dumbbell, RT, MT | 3 weeks/in-hospital + 12 weeks/at home |
#, number. F, females; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; CHD, congenital heart disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; ET, exercise training; IPAH, idiopathic PAH; HT, home training; MT, mental training; RT, respiratory training.