Table 2. Operative characteristics of six patients.

Pt No.	Surgery, margin	Approach	SVC graft	VVS	SVC reconstruction	T (min)	CT (min)	OT (min)
1	ETT, R2	MS	Prosthesis	Preo, E	LIV-RA, RIV-SVC	50	90	320
2	Lobectomy, R0	RPLT	Prosthesis	Preo, E	SVC-SVC	25	55	210
3	ETT, R0	MS	Prosthesis	Preo, E	LIV-RA, RIV-SVC	60	80	330
4	ETT, R0	MS	Prosthesis	Intra, E	LIV-RA, RIV-SVC	60	100	255
5	Pneumonectomy, R0	RPLT	Prosthesis	Intra, E	SVC-SVC	50	70	320
6	Pneumonectomy, R0	RPLT	Pericardium	Intra, I	SVC-SVC	15	70	260

CT, clamping time of superior vena cava; E, external venovenous shunt between internal jugular vein and femoral vein; ETT, extended resection of thymoma; I, internal venovenous shunt between right innominate vein and right atrium; Intra, intraoperative; LIV, left innominate vein; MS, median sternotomy; OT, operative time; Preo, preoperative; Pt No., patient number; R0, no residual tumor; R2, macroscopic residual tumor; RA, right atrium; RIV, right innominate vein; RPLT, right posterolateral thoracotomy; SVC, superior vena cava; T, time to institute venovenous shunt; VVS, venovenous shunt.