| Cardiopulmonary complications, n (%) |
| Pneumonia |
64 (10.8) |
24 (15.6) |
40 (9.1) |
0.026 |
| Atelectasis |
31 (5.2) |
13 (8.4) |
18 (4.1) |
0.037 |
| Pleural effusion requiring drainage |
11 (1.9) |
4 (2.6) |
7 (1.6) |
0.49 |
| Pulmonary embolism |
4 (0.7) |
2 (1.3) |
2 (0.5) |
0.28 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
3 (0.5) |
1 (0.6) |
2 (0.5) |
1.0 |
| Atrial arrhythmia |
7 (1.2) |
3 (1.9) |
4 (0.9) |
0.38 |
| Sinus irregularity needing medical care |
6 (1.0) |
4 (2.6) |
2 (0.5) |
0.069 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia |
2 (0.3) |
2 (1.3) |
0 (0.0) |
0.067 |
| Surgical complications, n (%) |
| Prolonged air leak (>5 days) |
67 (11.3) |
25 (16.2) |
42 (9.6) |
0.025 |
| Subcutaneous emphysema |
44 (7.4) |
17 (11.0) |
27 (6.2) |
0.046 |
| Pneumothorax |
23 (3.9) |
12 (7.8) |
11 (2.5) |
0.003 |
| Chylothorax |
16 (2.7) |
6 (3.9) |
10 (2.3) |
0.38 |
| Wound infection |
2 (0.3) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (0.5) |
1.0 |
| Hemothorax |
1 (0.2) |
1 (0.6) |
0 (0.0) |
0.26 |
| Bronchial fistula |
1 (0.2) |
1 (0.6) |
0 (0.0) |
0.26 |
| Other complications, n (%) |
| Gastrointestinal discomforts |
7 (1.2) |
2 (1.3) |
5 (1.1) |
0.88 |
| Delirium |
4 (0.7) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (0.9) |
0.58 |
| Urinary retention |
2 (0.3) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (0.5) |
1.0 |
