Table 5.
Circulating microRNAs in diabetic microvascular complications.
| miRNA | Type of DM | Study design | Study population | Profiling | Source | Significant comparisons-details | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes microvascular complications | |||||||
| ↑ 661 ↑ 571 ↑ 770-5p ↑ 892b ↑ 1303 |
DM2 | Case Control |
DMC+ (n = 92) DMC− (n = 92) Controls (n = 92) |
Yes | Serum | DM versus controls DMC+ versus DMC− |
[110] |
| ↑ 31 | DM2 | Case Control |
DMC (n = 12) DM-CVD (n = 12) DM (n = 12) |
Yes | Serum | DMC versus others | [111] |
| Diabetic retinopathy | |||||||
| ↓ 27b ↑ 320a |
DM1 | Nested Case Control |
Incidence of DR (n = 62) Progression of DR (n = 93) Controls (n = 145) |
Yes | Serum | 27b: OR: incidence of DR 0.57 (0.40, 0.82); 320: OR: incidence of DR 1.57 (1.07, 2.31), OR: progression of DR 1.43 (1.05, 1.94) |
[112] |
| ↓ 126 | DM1 | Nested Case Control |
Complications+ (n = 312) Complications− (n = 143) |
Yes | Serum | OR: PDR 0.75 (0.59–0.95) | [113] |
| ↑ 21 ↑ 181c ↑ 1179 |
DM2 | Case Control | PDR (n = 90) NPDR (n = 90) Controls (n = 20) |
Yes | Serum | PDR versus NPDR | [115] |
| ↓ 126 | DM2 | Case Control |
PDR (n = 39) NPDR (n = 42) DR− (n = 44) Controls (n = 59) |
No | Serum | PDR versus DR− | [114] |
| ↑ 93 | DM2 | Case Control |
DR+ (n = 75) DR− (n = 65) Controls (n = 127) |
No | Plasma | DR+ versus DR− | [117] |
| ↑ 21 | DM2 | Case Control |
PDR (n = 51) NPDR (n = 73) DR− (n = 65) Controls (n = 115) |
No | Plasma | PDR and NPDR versus DR− | [116] |
| ↑ 23a ↑ 320a-b |
DM2 | Case Control |
PDR (n = 4) ME (n = 4) |
Yes | Vitreous/ serum |
PDR versus ME | [138] |
| Diabetic nephropathy | |||||||
| ↓ let-7c ↓ 29a ↑ let-7b ↑ 21 |
DM1 | Prospective: rapid progression to ESRF | Macro RP (n = 38) Macro NP (n = 38) Normo (n = 40) |
No | Plasma | let-7c: OR: 0.23 (0.10, 0.53) 29a: OR: 0.39 (0.20, 0.76) let-7b: OR: 2.38 (1.31, 4.0) 21: OR: 5.87 (1.68, 20.46) |
[118] |
| ↑ 217 | DM2 | Case Control |
Normo (n = 186) Micro (n = 169) Macro (n = 140) Controls (n = 195) |
No | Serum | DM2 versus controls Micro versus normo Macro versus micro |
[121] |
| ↑ 21 ↑ 29a ↑ 192 |
DM2 | Case Control |
Macro (n = 21) Micro (n = 17) Normo (n = 12) |
No | Serum | Macro versus micro and normo CKD+ (n = 18) versus CKD− (n = 32) |
[120] |
| ↓ 130 | DM2 | Case Control |
Normo (n = 137) Micro (n = 122) Macro (n = 68) Controls (n = 131) |
No | Serum | Macro versus micro and normo Micro versus normo Controls versus others |
[123] |
| ↓ let-7a | DM2 | Case Control |
DN− (n = 104) DN+ (n = 108) Controls (n = 62) |
Yes | Blood | DN+ versus DN− | [119] |
| ↓ 126 | DM2 | Case Control |
Normo (n = 52) DM2-micro (n = 29) DM2-macro (n = 21) Controls (n = 50) |
No | Blood | Micro-macro versus controls and normo Macro versus micro |
[122] |
| Urinary miRNA in diabetic nephropathy | |||||||
| ↓ 15 | DM2 | Case Control |
CKD-IgAN (n = 17) CKD-DN (n = 17) CKD-HTN (n = 22) |
Yes | Urinary sediment | DN versus others CKD | [124] |
| ↓ 192 | DM2 | Case Control |
DN (n = 20) MCN/FGS (n = 21) MGN (n = 23) Controls (n = 10) |
No | Urinary sediment | DN versus others | [125] |
| ↓ 2861 ↓ 1915-3p ↓ 4532 |
DM2 | Case Control |
DN+ (n = 74) DN− (n = 71) |
Yes | Urine | DN+ versus DN− | [126] |
| ↓ 323b-5p ↑ 122-5p ↑ 429 |
DM1 | Case Control |
Normo (n = 10) Intermittent micro (n = 10) Persistent micro (n = 10) Macro (n = 10) |
Yes | Urine | Persistent versus intermittent micro | [127] |
| 105, 1972, 28, 30b, 363, 424, 486, 495, 548o | DM1 | Prospective: micro onset | Normo (n = 27) | Yes | Urine | 9 miRNAs: molecular miRNA signature for microalbuminuria | [128] |
| 29a | DM2 | Case Control |
Macro/micro (n = 42) Normo (n = 41) |
No | Urine | Macro/micro versus normo | [139] |
| ↑ 130a ↑ 145 ↓ 155 ↓ 424 |
DM1 | Case Control |
Micro (n = 12) Normo (n = 12) |
Yes | Urinary exosomes | Micro versus normo | [129] |
| ↑ 320c ↑ 6068 |
DM2 | Case Control |
DN+ (n = 8) DN− (n = 8) Controls (n = 8) |
Yes | Urinary exosomes | DN+ versus DN− and controls | [130] |
| ↑ 133b ↑ 342 ↑ 30a |
DM2 | Case Control |
Macro (n = 44) Micro (n = 66) Normo (n = 56) Controls (n = 54) |
No | Urinary exosomes | Macro and micro versus normo (133b only macro versus micro) |
[131] |
| ↑ 192 ↑ 194 ↑ 215 |
DM2 | Case Control |
Normo (n = 30) Micro (n = 30) Macro (n = 20) Controls (n = 10) |
No | Urinary MV | Micro versus normo, controls, and macro | [132] |
DM1: type 1 diabetes; DM2: type 2 diabetes; ESRF: end-stage renal failure; OR: odds ratio; DMC: diabetic microvascular complications; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DR: diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; Micro: microalbuminuria; Normo: normoalbuminuria; Macro: macroalbuminuria; DN: diabetic nephropathy; CKD: chronic kidney disease; RP: rapid progressors; NP: nonprogressors; IgAN: IgA nephropathy; HTN: hypertensive nephrosclerosis; MCN: minimal change nephropathy; FGS: focal glomerulosclerosis; MGN: membranous glomerulonephropathy; MV: microvesicles; ME: macular edema.