Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects based on different glucose tolerance status.
| NGT | Prediabetes | T2DM | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 226 | 119 | 33 | - |
| Age, y | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 29.0 ± 4.1∗ | 28.5 ± 4.4 | 0.001 |
| Oligomenorrhea, % | 167 (73.9) | 79 (66.4) | 25 (75.8) | 0.259 |
| Hyperandrogenism, % | 145 (64.2) | 72 (60.5) | 21 (63.6) | 0.834 |
| Polycystic ovaries, % | 190 (84.1) | 97 (81.5) | 29 (87.9) | 0.717 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 5.5 | 30.6 ± 4.3∗ | 31.5 ± 4.4∗ | 0.012 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.6 ± 14.4 | 96.1 ± 12.0∗ | 97.2 ± 8.8∗ | 0.014 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.06∗ | 0.92 ± 0.09∗ | 0.014 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 120.3 ± 13.7 | 125.4 ± 14.1∗ | 134.6 ± 17.7∗# | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78.7 ± 11.7 | 83.5 ± 12.6∗ | 91.3 ± 13.3∗# | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 32 (14.2) | 32 (26.9)∗ | 15 (45.5)∗ | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5∗ | 6.4 ± 1.0∗# | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin, uIU/mL | 17.8 (12.3–26.1) | 21.8 (16.3–31.4)∗ | 25.0 (20.3–38.5)∗ | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 36 (15.9) | 33 (27.7) | 6 (18.2) | 0.056 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4)∗ | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 0.028 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 0.801 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.296 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 0.659 |
| Testosterone, nmol/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.4 (0.7–2.2)∗ | 0.033 |
| DHEAS, ug/dL | 235.9 ± 109.0 | 235.9 ± 104.9 | 216.6 ± 106.4 | 0.672 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 22.1 (17.0–31.6) | 17.6 (12.9–26.8)∗ | 18.2 (11.2–26.9) | 0.028 |
| FAI | 5.0 (2.8–7.6) | 6.2 (3.6–10.3)∗ | 7.9 (4.4–15.5)∗ | <0.001 |
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DHEAS, sulfated dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; FAI, free androgen index. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (25th–75th interquartile range), or n (%). ∗p < 0.015 versus NGT group; #p < 0.015 versus prediabetes group.