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. 2018 Mar 21;18:388. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5288-x

Table 4.

Associations between higher education and effective preventive biosecurity measures

Biosecurity measures P value Strength of association (Phi or Cramer’s V)
Hand washing after handling poultry 0.027 0.200
Changing shoes and clothes before attending to poultry 0.021 0.208
Vaccinating poultry 0.000 0.390
Keeping wild birds away from flock 0.004 0.256