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. 2018 Mar 21;6:55. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0439-y

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Production of propionate by the human gut microbiota. Propionate can be produced directly or indirectly by cross-feeding from succinate and lactate producers (e.g. Selenomonas, Megasphaera and Veillonella spp.). Image produced using information taken from [57]. *Akkermansia muciniphila is known to produce propionate; it is thought to do this via the succinate pathway [57]