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. 2018 Mar 21;8:22. doi: 10.1186/s13578-018-0220-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Surface characterization—the zeta potential—of different chemical compositions. Note that the zeta potential of the Ti + PPAAm indicated a positive surface charge, whereas collagen type-I coating (Ti + Col) and the control surfaces (Ti and IBIDI) exhibited a negative charge. The cell physiological pH 7.4 is indicated. (SurPASS™ system, Anton Paar, n = 3)