Table 1.

Probiotics for the bovine host.

Strain	Viability	Route	Host	Effects	Reference
Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-300	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	Increase in body weight gain. Improvement in fecal scores	(11)
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum M-602	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	Increase in body weight gain. Improvement in fecal scores	(11)
Bifidobacterium thermophilum S-501, Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-300, and Enterococcus faecium FA-5	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	No effect on body weight gain was observed. Reduction of diarrhea	(11)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus termophilus, and Aspergillus niger	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	Improvement in daily live weight gain and feed efficiency ratio. Reduction of diarrhea	(12)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	The probiotic strain survived the gastrointestinal transit. No beneficial effect was recorded	(13, 14)
Saccharomyces boulardii	Viable	Oral	Holstein bull calves	Treated animals consumed more grain, had increased weight gain, and increased plasma glucose concentrations. Days with diarrhea were reduced	(15)
Lactobacillus acidophilus 15	Viable	Oral	buffalo calve (1 day to 31 weeks)	Weight gain was improved and feed: gain ratio was reduced	(16)
Multispecies probiotic preparation: Lactobacillus acidophilus W55, Lactobacillus salivarius W57, Lactobacillus paracasei W56, Lactobacillus plantarum W59, Lactococcus lactis W58, and Enterococcus faecium W54	Viable	Oral	Male Holstein-Friesian calves	Probiotics enhanced growth rate and average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly improved. Modest effect on diarrhea	(17)
Calf-specific multistrain probiotic preparation (six lactobacilli strains)	Viable	Oral	Male Holstein-Friesian calves	Probiotics enhanced growth rate and average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly improved. Treatment reduced the incidence of diarrhea and the fecal counts of coliforms	(17)
Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei JCM1134T and Dextran	Viable	Oral	Holstein dairy calves	Increase the milk production	(18)
Lactobacillus acidophillus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Enterococcus faecium	Viable	Oral	Holstein calves	Significant reduction of diarrhea but no effect on mastitis	(19)
Bacillus subtilis natto	Viable	Oral	Male Holstein calves	Increased average daily gain and feed efficiency. No difference in serum IgE, IgA, and IgM, whereas serum IgG and IFN-γ were higher in probiotic-treated than in the controls.	(20)
Lactobacillus plantarum 220, Enterococcus faecium 26, and Clostridium butyricum Miyari	Viable	Oral	Holstein bull calves	Increased the numbers of CD282+ monocytes, CD3+ T cells and CD4+, CD8+, and WC1+ γδ T cell in blood. Increment of production of IL-6, INF-γ, and TNF-α were also observed	(21)
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 34, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 35, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1S, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 2S	Viable	Oral	Preweaned dairy Holstein heifer calves	Decreased the incidence of severe diarrhea and related mortality rate, while increasing weight gain	(22)
Lactobacillus plantarum GF103	Viable	Oral	Male Holstein calves	No significant differences were observed in dry matter intake or average daily gain, but the feed conversation ratio was improved. Treatment improved mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation	(23)
Kefir	Viable	Oral	Female Holstein calves calves	Kefir intake improved fecal scores and reduced days with diarrhea during the first 2 weeks of life. No effect on weight gain	(24)
Milk fortified with symbiotic complex containing prebiotics (mannan-oligossacharides) and probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Viable	Oral	Female Holstein heifer calves	Symbiotic did not affect weight gain or feed efficiency of calves but it improved fecal scores	(25)