Table 2.
Transitions in frailty status over 4 years by cognitive status according to baseline CMMSE total score.
| Cognitive impairment at baselinea |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| (n = 2,383) | (n = 446) | P | |
| Participants who were robust at baseline and were reassessed at year 4 | 1,460 | 246 | |
| Robust at baseline and follow-up | 818 (56.03) | 115 (46.75) | |
| Robust at baseline and pre-frail at follow-up | 604 (41.37) | 120 (48.78) | |
| Robust at baseline and frail at follow-up | 38 (2.60) | 11 (4.47) | 0.007† |
| Participants who were pre-frailty at baseline and were reassessed at year 4 | 923 | 200 | |
| Pre-frail at baseline and robust at follow-up | 274 (29.69) | 48 (24.00) | |
| Pre-frail at baseline and follow-up | 535 (57.96) | 135 (67.50) | |
| Pre-frail at baseline and frail at follow-up | 114 (12.35) | 17 (8.50) | 0.056‡ |
Data are reported as either number (percentage).
aCognitive impairment was defined by Cantonese Mini-Mental Status Examination total score <21 (no education), <24 (primary school), or <27 (secondary school and above).
†P-value was obtained from Chi-square test comparing the differences in the development of frailty (with pre-frail and frail participants collapsed into one group) between robust participants with and without cognitive impairment at baseline.
‡P-value was obtained from Chi-square test comparing the differences in the development of frailty between pre-frail participants with and without cognitive impairment at baseline. Participants who were pre-frail at baseline and robust at follow-up were excluded.