Table 3.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Descriptive Statistics and Sex Differences
| Variable | Full Sample (N = 7,626) | Sex Differences | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Females (N = 5,343) | Males (N = 2,272) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||
| M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | t | d | |
| Bedtime | 12:17am ± 76 min. | 12:11am ± 75 min. | 12:31am ± 76 min. | −10.64*** | 0.27 |
| Wake time | 8:27am ± 80 min. | 8:25am ± 79 min. | 8:31am ± 82 min. | 4.82*** | 0.08 |
| Sleep onset latency (min) | 30.59 ± 27.65 | 31.53 ± 28.35 | 28.31 ± 25.77 | 3.12** | 0.12 |
| Total sleep time (h) | 6.99 ± 1.24 | 7.00 ± 1.27 | 6.99 ± 1.17 | 0.35 | 0.01 |
| PSQI total score | 6.87 ± 3.29 | 7.05 ± 3.35 | 6.44 ± 3.10 | 7.72*** | 0.19 |
| PSQI component scores | |||||
| Sleep quality | 1.18 ± 0.67 | 1.19 ± 0.67 | 1.16 ± 0.66 | 1.71 | 0.05 |
| Sleep latency | 1.39 ± 0.98 | 1.42 ± 0.99 | 1.34 ± 0.98 | 2.99** | 0.08 |
| Sleep duration | 0.97 ± 0.87 | 0.98 ± 0.88 | 0.95 ± 0.86 | 1.04 | 0.03 |
| Sleep efficiency | 0.59 ± 0.86 | 0.65 ± 0.89 | 0.47 ± 0.77 | 8.79*** | 0.22 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.27 ± 0.55 | 1.31 ± 0.55 | 1.19 ± 0.53 | 8.72*** | 0.22 |
| Sleep medication | 0.41 ± 0.82 | 0.44 ± 0.85 | 0.34 ± 0.74 | 5.17*** | 0.13 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.06 ± 0.77 | 1.09 ± 0.77 | 0.99 ± 0.76 | 4.93*** | 0.13 |
Note. The range for PSQI total score is 0 to 20 for females and 0 to 19 for males; the range for the PSQI component score variables is 0 to 3 for both females and males. For all PSQI variables, higher scores indicate worse sleep. PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
***
p < .001.
**
p < .01.
*
p < .05.