Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants and mean score.

Sex (M/F) (N = 57)	(30/27)
Age, years: (Mean ± SD) (N = 57)	(34.5 ± 14.9)
Tower of Hanoi
3-disk tower (N = 57) (Mean ± SD)	(9.1 ± 4.5)
4-disk tower (N = 48) (Mean ± SD)	(22.7 ± 9.2)
5-disk tower (N = 45) (Mean ± SD)	(51.4 ± 17.1)
Completion of the 5-disk tower	45 (79%)
Time to completion of the 5-disk tower in seconds (N = 45) (Mean ± SD)	(168.8 ± 67.8)
Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Short Form (N = 57)
PPI-SF Total	(121.7 ± 12.3)
PPI-I	(52.8 ± 8.2)
PPI-II	(54.1 ± 7.6)

Notes.

Due to the algorithm of the Tower of Hanoi, participants must complete the 3-disk tower and the 4-disk tower in order to complete the 5-disk tower. Due to the time limitation of 5 min, nine participants were not able to complete the 4-disk tower, and 12 participants (including those of the 4-disk tower) were not able to complete the 5-disk tower. An explanatory video, showing the method to complete the 3-disk, 4-disk, and 5-disk towers is available as a Data S1.