Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of infants, mothers, and caregivers

	Exclusive Mother Care (n = 31)		In-Home Childcare Providers (n = 32)		Family Childcare Providers (n = 29)
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F/χ2
Infants
Gender (% female)a	54.84		43.75		44.83		.93
Age (days)	162.16	5.62	162.53	7.03	164.69	5.38	1.50
Birthweight (g)	3520.99	379.03	3521.52	442.96	3405.35	500.43	.68
Weekly hours in childcare	0.63a	.00	43.98b	9.96	41.83b	8.96	249.47***
Number of other infants in childcare	0.00a	.00	0.00a	.00	3.10b	1.63	113.96***
Mothers
Age (years)	30.99ab	3.51	32.43a	3.03	30.24b	3.75	3.21*
Educationb	5.94a	.63	6.41b	.71	5.86a	.80	5.37**
SESc	55.95ab	3.14	59.08a	7.54	53.02b	6.02	8.11***
Hours of employment	0.00a	.00	36.48b	8.41	37.47b	5.23	422.32***
Caregivers
Age (years)	--	--	31.01	12.11	34.47	8.34	1.35
Education	--	--	4.52	1.29	4.83	1.11	.86
Caregiver experience (years)	--	--	4.37	3.64	3.61	3.14	.63
Number of own children	--	--	1.03	1.62	2.00	.88	6.92*
Marital status (% married)a	--		31.25		88.00		22.51***
Ethnicitya							9.09
European American (%)	--		45.16		75.00
African American (%)	--		35.48		4.16
Latin American (%)	--		6.45		8.33
Asian American (%)	--		9.68		12.50
Indian/Alaskan American (%)	--		3.23		0.00

Note. Means with different subscripts differ in Tukey HSD post-hoc tests.

^aTest of group difference is a Chi-square.

^bMeasured by the Hollingshead (1975) education scale: 1 = less than 7^th grade, 2 = 7^th– 9^th grade, 3 = partial high school, 4 = high school graduate, 5 = partial college or specialized training, 6 = standard college or university degree, 7 = graduate/professional training.

^cMeasured by the Hollingshead (1975) scale: range = 8–66.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.

^***p ≤ .001.