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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Toxicol. 2017 Nov 24;10:8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.11.011

Figure 2. The effect of biocorona formation on engineered nanomaterial-induced immunomodulation.

Figure 2

Once ENMs are introduced into biological fluids such as blood, they instantly form a biocorona (resulting in a new biological identity), which could alter interaction with the immune system as compared to their synthetic identity. Formation of the biocorona influences ENM interactions with effector cells, the complement system and induction of inflammatory responses that eventually modulate immune responses.