Table 2. Risk factors and outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant (VRE), -variable (VVE), and -sensitive Enterococcus faecium (VSE), TIBDN hospitals, 2012–2016.
| VRE (n = 36) | VVE (n = 25) | VSE (n = 79) | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 21 | (58.3%) | 15 | (60.0%) | 44 | (55.7%) | 0.89 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 | (19) | 62 | (17) | 64 | (24) | 0.07 |
| Hospital-acquired | 29 | (80.6%) | 22 | (88.0%) | 59 | (74.7%) | 0.35 |
| Days to diagnosis (IQR) | 22 | (40) | 19 | (32) | 14 | (31) | 0.23 |
| Charlson score ≥6 | 10 | (27.8%) | 7 | (28.0%) | 17 | (21.5%) | 0.69 |
| Diabetes | 9 | (25.0%) | 7 | (28.0%) | 23 | (29.1%) | 0.9 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 | (33.3%) | 5 | (20.0%) | 14 | (17.7%) | 0.17 |
| Cancer | 19 | (52.8%) | 13 | (52.0%) | 36 | (45.6%) | 0.72 |
| Lymphoma/Leukemia | 15 | (78.9%) | 7 | (53.8%) | 19 | (52.8%) | 0.15 |
| Solid organ | 4 | (21.1%) | 6 | (46.2%) | 19 | (52.8%) | 0.07 |
| Organ transplant | 13 | (36.1%) | 5 | (20.0%) | 14 | (17.7%) | 0.09 |
| Neutropenia | 12 | (33.3%) | 6 | (24.0%) | 13 | (16.5%) | 0.13 |
| Pitt bacteremia score ≥4, n = 129 | 8 | (25.0%) | 5 | (22.7%) | 21 | (28.0%) | 0.87 |
| On antibiotic treatmenta | 27 | (75.0%) | 19 | (76.0%) | 45 | (57.0%) | 0.08 |
| Vancomycin | 2 | (7.4%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 3 | (6.7%) | 0.38 |
| Source: Central venous catheter | 20 | (55.6%) | 11 | (44.0%) | 22 | (27.8%) | 0.01 |
| Source: Intraabdominal | 10 | (27.8%) | 5 | (20.0%) | 40 | (50.6%) | 0.006 |
| Candida co-infection | 3 | (8.3%) | 2 | (8.0%) | 2 | (2.5%) | 0.31 |
| Polymicrobial infection | 13 | (36.1%) | 8 | (32.0%) | 27 | (34.2%) | 0.95 |
| ICU admission, n = 103 | 5 | (20.0%) | 5 | (29.4%) | 13 | (21.3%) | 0.74 |
| Surgery/procedure | 3 | (8.3%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 10 | (12.7%) | 0.17 |
| Hours to effective therapy, median (IQR) | 55 | (43) | 30 | (18) | 26 | (25) | <0.001 |
| VRE-activeb treatment | 31 | (86.1%) | 17 | (68.0%) | 5 | (6.3%) | <0.001 |
| Days to clearance (IQR), n = 100 | 4 | (3) | 4 | (2) | 3 | (3) | 0.15 |
| 30-day mortality | 8 | (22.2%) | 11 | (44.0%) | 23 | (29.1%) | 0.18 |
| Attributablec to E. faecium | 7 | (87.5%) | 10 | (90.9%) | 18 | (78.3%) | 0.86 |
IQR, Interquartile Range; ICU, Intensive Care Unit
aOn day of first positive culture
bLinezolid, daptomycin, or tigecycline
cE. faecium being the cause or contributing to death