. 2018 Mar 22;13(3):e0194201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194201

Table 3.

Population differentiation within mitochondrial DNA (A) and across eight microsatellite loci (B) in Pacific beluga whales. Values for the frequency-based statistic, F_st, are below the diagonal. Values for the distance-based statistic, Φ_st (mtDNA) and R_st (nDNA), are above the diagonal. Corresponding p-values for homogeneity tests, based on 50,000 permutations, are represented by the following shading patterns: dark grey: p≤0.01, light grey: 0.01<p≤0.05, unshaded: p>0.05. Only strata with a sample size of n≥10 are reported, and the Beaufort Sea stratum is the Mackenzie and Point Hope strata combined (see text). Reported estimates of heterogeneity comprise the roughly two decade period from 1988–2010. See Table A and B in S7 Table for more details on temporal patterns of heterogeneity.

A. mitochondrial DNA
	Summering Areas										Spring migration
	GOA^*	BCB						Okhotsk
	Cook Inlet	Bristol Bay	Norton Sound	Kotzebue Sound	Kasegaluk Lagoon	Mackenzie-Amundsen	Anadyr Bay	Western Kamchatka	Sakhalin Bay	Udskaya Bay	Chukotka	Diomede	Point Hope	Barrow-Kaktovik	Beaufort Sea
n =	133	140	191	80	541	101	83	18	118	56	10	11	26	16	127
Cook Inlet		0.588	0.390	0.379	0.188	0.451	0.492	0.579	0.467	0.397	0.554	0.576	0.475	0.317	0.446
Bristol Bay	0.613		0.065	0.403	0.226	0.576	0.694	0.825	0.188	0.275	0.813	0.829	0.694	0.597	0.556
Norton Sound	0.361	0.106		0.243	0.176	0.423	0.514	0.617	0.182	0.173	0.572	0.608	0.466	0.294	0.420
Kotzebue Sound	0.346	0.400	0.179		0.210	0.056	0.151	0.481	0.319	0.236	0.162	0.222	0.068	-0.005	0.062
Kasegaluk Lagoon	0.242	0.436	0.297	0.222		0.289	0.347	0.417	0.184	0.207	0.321	0.367	0.294	0.161	0.296
Mackenzie-Amundsen	0.368	0.507	0.287	0.022	0.235	0.075		0.532	0.462	0.378	0.022	0.090	-0.016	0.028	-0.009
Anadyr Bay	0.453	0.659	0.422	0.123	0.323	0.064		0.501	0.543	0.417	0.144	0.180	0.074	0.120	0.073
western Kamchatka	0.439	0.723	0.419	0.304	0.308	0.328	0.346		0.566	0.315	0.644	0.633	0.535	0.500	0.524
Sakhalin Bay	0.332	0.279	0.120	0.143	0.235	0.218	0.336	0.293		0.192	0.540	0.578	0.469	0.350	0.464
Udskaya Bay	0.374	0.301	0.111	0.158	0.259	0.245	0.377	0.266	0.104		0.451	0.475	0.366	0.238	0.381
Chukotka	0.394	0.718	0.368	0.098	0.216	0.038	0.148	0.338	0.248	0.291		-0.051	-0.007	0.105	0.018
Diomede	0.367	0.690	0.334	0.103	0.219	0.077	0.186	0.289	0.210	0.250	-0.053		0.058	0.160	0.086
Point Hope	0.345	0.563	0.248	0.011	0.200	-0.004	0.102	0.278	0.162	0.189	0.020	0.045		0.030	-0.018
Barrow Kaktovik	0.356	0.584	0.236	-0.017	0.217	-0.009	0.079	0.339	0.176	0.203	0.087	0.104	-0.005		0.032
Beaufort Sea	0.353	0.476	0.273	0.020	0.228	-0.008	0.069	0.314	0.207	0.231	0.034	0.071	-0.011	-0.008
B. microsatellites
	Summering Areas										Spring Migration
	GOA^*	BCB						Okhotsk
	Cook Inlet	Bristol Bay	Norton Sound	Kotzebue Sound	Kasegaluk Lagoon	Mackenzie-Amundsen	Anadyr Bay	Okhotsk Sea			Chukotka	Diomede	Point Hope	Barrow-Kaktovik	Beaufort Sea
n =	78	129	73	64	533	96	44	15			9	10	22	13	118
Cook Inlet		0.121	0.119	0.113	0.088	0.119	0.049	0.119			0.156	0.051	0.109	0.138	0.115
Bristol Bay	0.071		0.000	0.026	0.013	0.005	0.034	0.136			0.009	0.004	0.017	0.000	0.009
Norton Sound	0.051	0.014		0.033	0.013	0.010	0.024	0.155			0.028	-0.006	0.028	0.000	0.015
Kotzebue Sound	0.052	0.020	0.005		0.012	0.004	0.033	0.134			-0.007	-0.026	0.003	-0.003	0.005
Kasegaluk Lagoon	0.048	0.020	0.011	0.007		0.008	0.019	0.107			0.025	-0.026	-0.002	-0.005	0.007
Mackenzie—Amundsen	0.054	0.017	0.005	0.002	0.013		0.026	0.145			0.009	-0.022	-0.004	-0.011	-0.004
Anadyr Bay	0.036	0.013	-0.001	0.008	0.005	0.000		0.078			0.056	-0.023	0.031	0.033	0.027
Okhotsk Sea	0.083	0.086	0.080	0.078	0.074	0.071	0.030				0.230	0.094	0.116	0.187	0.136
Chukotka	0.063	0.003	0.006	0.003	0.009	-0.003	0.012	0.084				-0.006	0.026	-0.004	0.013
Diomede	0.041	0.016	-0.005	-0.007	-0.001	-0.001	-0.016	0.081			-0.004		-0.013	-0.019	-0.019
Point Hope	0.053	0.021	0.004	0.001	0.007	0.002	0.003	0.077			-0.001	0.001		-0.007	-0.007
Barrow—Kaktovik	0.037	0.012	0.005	-0.005	0.002	0.006	-0.010	0.063			-0.006	-0.002	-0.002		-0.009
Beaufort Sea	0.053	0.018	0.005	0.001	0.012	-0.004	0.000	0.071			-0.003	-0.001	-0.003	0.004

*The three regions in the north Pacific are: GOA = Gulf of Alaska, BCB = Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, and Okhotsk Sea.