Table 4. The likely population of origin of beluga whales on spring migration sampled at four locations in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.
Maximum likelihood assignments to two candidate populations, the eastern Chukchi Sea (Kasegaluk Lagoon) and the eastern Beaufort Sea (Mackenzie-Amundsen), were conducted in Whichrun and are reported both as likelihood ratios (P(n)/P(max)) and the Log of these ratios (LOD) for each individual. Bayesian assignments, using prior sample group information (i.e., LOCPRIOR models), were made using STRUCTURE and are reported as the estimated ancestry, Q, in Clusters 1 (Chukchi) and 2 (Beaufort). Assignments of individual migrants were also estimated using the stock-mixture method in BAYES, summarized here as the proportion of times, P, an individual was assigned to each baseline population.
| sampled in | Lab ID | Whichrun | Structure | Bayes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P(n)/P(max) | LOD† | Q | P | |||||||||
| nDNA | mtDNA | nDNA | nDNA | mtDNA | ||||||||
| Chukchi | Beaufort | Chukchi | Beaufort | Chukchi | Beaufort | Chukchi | Beaufort | Chukchi | Beaufort | |||
| east Chukotka | 23613 | 0.11 | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 2.53 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0 | 1 |
| east Chukotka | 23614 | 0.31 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.75 | 0.28 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| east Chukotka | 23615 | 0.57 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.49 | 0.28 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| east Chukotka | 23617 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 0.26 | 0.74 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| east Chukotka | 23619 | 0.67 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.42 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.15 | 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| east Chukotka | 23620 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| east Chukotka | 23621 | 1 | 0.72 | 1 | 0.13 | -1.02 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.19 | 0.91 | 0.34 | 0.66 |
| east Chukotka | 4674 | 0.30 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | 1.75 | 0.17 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| east Chukotka | 4675 | 0.19 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | 1.65 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 0.07 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Little Diomede | 10262 | 1 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 17121 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.78 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 23301 * | 1 | 0.49 | - | - | - | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.84 | 0.16 | - | - |
| Little Diomede | 34140 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.15 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Diomede | 34141 * | 0.11 | 1 | - | - | - | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.74 | - | - |
| Little Diomede | 34142 | 1 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Diomede | 34574 | 0.53 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.52 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 56711 | 1 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.41 | 0.83 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 56712 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.38 | 0.89 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 56713 ¶ | - | - | 0.18 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Little Diomede | 61098 ¶ | 1 | 0.33 | - | - | - | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.29 | - | - |
| Point Hope | 2328 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.24 | 0.76 |
| Point Hope | 2329 | 0.10 | 1 | 0.39 | 1 | 1.42 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 0.07 | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Point Hope | 2330 | 0.11 | 1 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 0.28 | 0.72 |
| Point Hope | 3791 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.14 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 4096 * | 1 | 0.50 | - | - | - | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.30 | 0.70 | - | - |
| Point Hope | 4097 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.08 | 0.24 | 0.76 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 4098 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 3.22 | 0.15 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Point Hope | 4432 | 0.21 | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 2.27 | 0.21 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Point Hope | 7650 | 0.16 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.05 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7654 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7655 * | 0.63 | 1 | - | - | - | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.87 | - | - |
| Point Hope | 7656 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.39 | 1 | 0.84 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.87 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Point Hope | 7657 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.80 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7658 | 1 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 1 | 1.07 | 0.26 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Point Hope | 7659 | 0.26 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.82 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7660 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | 1.78 | 0.15 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.24 | 0.76 |
| Point Hope | 7661 * | 1 | 0.12 | - | - | - | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.45 | - | - |
| Point Hope | 7662 | 1 | 0.80 | 0.39 | 1 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Point Hope | 7663 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.70 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7665 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 1 | -1.30 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Point Hope | 7666 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.38 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.08 | 0.92 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7667 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.61 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7913 ¶ | - | - | 0.18 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 7914 *¶ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Point Hope | 17863 ¶ | - | - | 0.06 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 1 |
| Point Hope | 26239 ¶ | - | - | 0.03 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 1 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7648 | 1 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7649 | 1 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.11 | -1.31 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.14 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7651 | 1 | 0.46 | 1 | 0.13 | -1.21 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.40 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7652 | 0.69 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.41 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7653 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 2.41 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7923 | 1 | 0.70 | 0.06 | 1 | 1.09 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7924 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 1 | -0.19 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7925 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 8399 * | 0.08 | 1 | - | - | - | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.95 | - | - |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 14314 | 0.81 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | - | 0.21 | 0.79 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 25490 ¶ | - | - | 1 | 0.09 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.86 | 0.14 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 27494 | 0.40 | 1 | 0.39 | 1 | 1.47 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 0.91 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 7922 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 3.01 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
| Barrow-Kaktovik | 37535 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 1 | -0.07 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.91 |
†LOD: Log10 of the ratio of the second most likely population for mtDNA and microsatellites combined. Positive values indicate assignments to the Beaufort (Mackenzie), negative values to the eastern Chukchi
*Individual whose haplotype was not in the baseline samples.
¶ Individual with incompletely scored genotype or haplotype.