Table 4. Genetic and environmental correlations across the three PCS subdomains, as well as for pain catastrophizing, neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of pain.
| Helplessness | Rumination | Magnification | Neuroticism | AS | Fear of Pain | PCS Total | ||
| Genetic correlation | ||||||||
| Helplessness | Rumination | Magnification | Neuroticism | AS | Fear of Pain | PCS Total | ||
| Helplessness | 1.00 | Neuroticism | 1.00 | |||||
| Rumination | 0.90 (0.89, 0.94) |
1.00 | AS | 0.72 (0.71, 0.75) |
1.00 | |||
| Magnification | 0.93 (0.91, 0.98) |
0.84 (0.80, 0.93) |
1.00 | Fear of Pain | 0.61 (0.60, 0.76) |
0.89 (0.88, 0.99) |
1.00 | |
| - | - | - | - | PCS Total | 0.46 (0.21, 0.57) |
0.93 (0.579, 0.96) |
0.72 (0.524, 0.95) |
1.00 |
| Environmental correlation | ||||||||
| Helplessness | 1.00 | Neuroticism | 1.00 | |||||
| Rumination | 0.73 (0.71, 0.74) |
1.00 | AS | 0.09 (-0.02, 0.19) |
1.00 | |||
| Magnification | 0.63 (0.62, 0.65) |
0.68 (0.66, 0.70) |
1.00 | Fear of Pain | 0.25 (0.14, 0.32) |
0.43 (0.34, 0.51) |
1.00 | |
| - | - | - | - | PCS Total | 0.11 (-0.02, 0.20) |
0.12 (0.01, 0.23) |
0.20 (0.01, 0.34) |
1.00 |
AS = Anxiety Sensitivity; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Genetic and Environmental correlations show overlaps in genes and environmental effects and range from– 1 to +1. When the genetic correlation is +1, the two sets of genes overlap completely.