Table 4. Fold change in metabolites immediately post-exercise (ranked by VIP>2.5, with q<0.05) by carbohydrate intake from the sugar beverage (sugar) compared to water.

Post-exercise fold changes also included for the two types of bananas for comparison (CAV = Cavendish, MiniY = mini-yellow) compared to water. Dark red (increase) and green (decrease) cells represent q<0.05 contrasts from pre-exercise levels. (FFA = free fatty acid; FA = fatty acid). See also S3 Table.

Biochemical Name	SUPER PATHWAY	SUB PATHWAY	VIP rank	Sugar vs Water	CAV vs Water	MiniY vs Water
hexanoylglutamine	Lipid	FA Metabolism (Acyl Glutamine)	3.46	0.37	0.49	0.23
3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA)	Lipid	Ketone Bodies	3.28	0.28	0.39	0.23
2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate	Amino Acid	Glutathione Metabolism	3.20	0.59	0.66	0.53
3-aminoisobutyrate	Nucleotide	Pyrimidine Metabolism, Thymine containing	3.17	0.71	0.92	0.76
fructose	Carbohydrate	Fructose, Mannose and Galactose Metabolism	3.13	6.79	5.14	5.86
dodecanedioate	Lipid	FA, Dicarboxylate	3.10	0.27	0.37	0.25
leucine	Amino Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	3.00	0.81	0.89	0.89
5-bromotryptophan	Amino Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism	2.96	1.39	1.44	1.67
erythronate	Carbohydrate	Aminosugar Metabolism	2.94	1.80	1.59	1.65
isoleucine	Amino Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	2.92	0.83	0.84	0.87
FFA(17:0)	FFA	FFA	2.92	0.82	0.86	0.76
oleoylcarnitine (C18:1)	Lipid	FA Metabolism(Acyl Carnitine)	2.92	0.64	0.79	0.58
tetradecanedioate	Lipid	FA, Dicarboxylate	2.91	0.32	0.39	0.25
16-hydroxypalmitate	Lipid	FA, Monohydroxy	2.84	0.61	0.64	0.48
suberate (octanedioate)	Lipid	FA, Dicarboxylate	2.83	0.56	0.72	0.51
hexadecanedioate	Lipid	FA, Dicarboxylate	2.81	0.38	0.45	0.26
glycerol	Lipid	Glycerolipid Metabolism	2.80	0.68	0.76	0.56
cinnamoylglycine	Xenobiotics	Food Component/Plant	2.77	0.52	0.35	0.45
3-hydroxyoctanoate	Lipid	FA, Monohydroxy	2.76	0.62	0.80	0.59
Total FFA	Complex Lipids	FFA	2.76	0.80	0.85	0.72
3-hydroxyhexanoate	Lipid	FA, Monohydroxy	2.75	0.70	1.40	1.40
gamma-glutamylleucine	Peptide	Gamma-glutamyl Amino Acid	2.71	0.72	0.93	0.85
phenylalanyltryptophan	Peptide	Dipeptide	2.70	0.76	0.86	0.73
3-hydroxysebacate	Lipid	FA, Monohydroxy	2.62	0.33	0.52	0.25
sucrose	Carbohydrate	Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides	2.61	15.41	8.75	11.46
glucose	Carbohydrate	Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and Pyruvate Metabolism	2.58	1.29	1.30	1.29
3-hydroxyisobutyrate	Amino Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	2.58	0.57	0.85	0.59
FFA(14:0)	FFA	FFA	2.54	0.78	0.84	0.68
sebacate (decanedioate)	Lipid	FA, Dicarboxylate	2.53	0.30	0.36	0.22
FFA(16:0)	FFA	FFA	2.52	0.84	0.88	0.77